Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Background to and Purpose of the Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Classical Perception of Civil-Political Rights and Socio-Economic Rights -- 3 Indivisibility as Protection of Socio-Economic Demands Under the ECHR -- Chapter 2. Typological and Terminological Considerations -- 1 Introductory Remarks -- 2 Trichotomies or Waves of Duties? -- 2.1 The Tripartite Typology -- 2.2 Critical Considerations on the Tripartite Typology -- 2.3 The Applicability of the Tripartite Typology to All Human Rights -- 2.4 The Terminology of the ECtHR -- 2.5 Successive Waves of Duties? -- Chapter 3. Considerations on Intertextuality and Permeability -- 1 Introductory Remarks -- 2 The Intertextuality of the Two Sets of Rights -- 3 The Permeability of Human Rights Norms -- 4 A Possible Theory for Understanding the Notion of Indivisibility and the Integrated Approach -- Chapter 4. Theoretical and Methodological Considerations -- 1 Initial Remarks -- 2 The Hermeneutic Circle -- 3 About Pre-Understanding -- 4 The Horizontal Structure of the Hermeneutic Circle -- 5 The Vertical Structure of the Hermeneutic Circle -- 6 The Added Value of Hermeneutics -- 7 Methodological Considerations -- Chapter 5. The Right to Health Under the ECHR -- 1 Health as a Cross-Cutting Issue -- 2 The Right to Health Under the ECHR -- 2.1 Relevant Provisions -- 2.2 A General 'Positive Right' to Treatment and Care -- 2.3 Environmental Health - Striking a Fair Balance -- 2.4 Deprivation of Liberty for Purposes of Treatment - Rights and Duties -- 2.4.1 A Right to Compulsory Treatment? -- 2.4.2 The Choice Between Article 5 (1)(a) and Article 5 (1)(e) -- 2.4.3 Forward-Looking Observations on Deprivation of Liberty for Purposes of Treatment -- 2.5 Health Conditions in Prisons -- 2.5.1 General Prison Conditions.

2.5.2 Prisoners with Special Needs -- 2.6 Protection of Neglected Children -- 2.7 Information, Professional Secrecy and Freedom of Expression in Health Issues -- 3 Future Prospects -- Chapter 6. The Right to Housing Under the ECHR -- 1 Housing as a Cross Cutting Issue -- 2 The Relevant Provisions -- 3 A State Obligation to Provide for (lawful) Housing? -- 4 The Right to Housing and the Principle of Non-Discrimination -- 5 Protection of Housing Rights by Means of Restriction of Other's Rights -- 5.1 Initial Remarks -- 5.2 Case Law Under Article 8 and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 -- 5.3 Margin of Appreciation - Article 8 and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 -- 5.4 The Character of the Derivative Protection Under Article 8 and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 -- 6 Demolition of Homes -- 7 Eviction and Illegal Occupation of Homes -- 7.1 Examples from Cyprus -- 7.2 Examples from Croatia -- 7.3 Margin of Appreciation - Article 8 and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 -- 8 Future Prospects -- Chapter 7. The Right to Education Under the ECHR -- 1 Education as a Cross-Cutting Issue -- 2 The Right to Education in Three Generations -- 3 The Right to Education Under the ECHR -- 3.1 Relevant Provisions -- 3.2 Positive Rights to Primary Education Under Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 -- 3.2.1 Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 and Other Provisions on the Right to Education -- 3.2.2 The Travaux Préparatoire to Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 -- 3.2.3 Case Law Under Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 -- 3.2.4 Compulsory Education Free of Charge -- 3.2.5 Case Law Under Article 5 (1) (e) - Rights and Duties -- 4 Future Prospects -- Chapter 8. The Right to Social Cash Benefits Under the ECHR -- 1 The Right to Social Cash Benefi ts as a Cross-Cutting Issue -- 2 The Relevant Provisions -- 3 A Minimum Core Right to Social Cash Benefi ts? -- 4 Social Cash Benefits as Rights Protected Under Article 6.

5 Social Cash Benefits Under Article 8 -- 6 Social Cash Benefits as Property Rights -- 6.1 Initial Remarks -- 6.2 Social Cash Benefi ts and the Issue of Discrimination -- 6.3 Social Cash Benefits as Property Rights - Further Reflections -- 7 Future Prospects -- Chapter 9. Work-Related Rights Under the ECHR -- 1 Work-Related Rights as Cross-Cutting Issues -- 2 The Relevant Provisions -- 3 Access to Work? -- 4 Protection Against Dismissal -- 4.1 Initial Remarks -- 4.2 Homosexuality and the Right to Work -- 4.3 Freedom of Speech, Association, Religion and the Right to Work -- 5 The Rights of the Self-Employed -- 6 Claims for Salary -- 7 Occupational Issues and the Application of Article 6 -- 8 'Negative' Freedom of Association and the Right to Work -- 9 A Right to Collective Bargaining Under the ECHR? -- 10 A Right to Collective Action Under the ECHR? -- 11 Other Issues Relating to Freedom of Association -- 12 Future Prospects -- Chapter 10. Socio-Economic Demands as Justiciable Rights - The Issue of Power Balance -- 1 Initial Remarks -- 2 Division of (democratic) Powers at the Domestic Level -- 2.1 Initial Remarks -- 2.2 Judicial Review of the Application of Legal Provisions Worded Precisely and as Individual Rights -- 2.3 Judicial Review of the Application of Vague Legal Standards -- 2.4 Judicial Review of the Human Rights Compliance of Statutory Provisions -- 2.4.1 Initial Remarks -- 2.4.2 A Representative Basis for Judicial Review -- 2.4.3 Institutional Dialogue as Legitimising Judicial Review -- 2.4.4 Democracy and Human Rights - A Substantial Concept of Democracy -- 3 The ECHR as the Custodian of Substantial Democracy -- 4 Justiciable Socio-Economic Elements of Human Rights -- 4.1 Introductory Remarks -- 4.2 From 'Rechtsstaat' Paradigm to Welfare State Paradigm -- 4.3 Identifi cation of Possible Justiciable Socio-Economic Elements.

Chapter 11. The Relation between the ECHR and the ESC/RESC -- 1 Initial Remarks -- 2 The ECSR's Style of Interpretation -- 3 Overlapping Protection between the ECHR and the ESC/RESC -- 3.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.2 Work-Related Rights -- 3.3 The Right to Education -- 4 Civil-Political Dominance in Socio-Economic Rights -- 4.1 Initial Remarks -- 4.2 Corporal Punishment of Children -- 4.3 Conscientious Objectors and Forced Labour -- 5 Closing Remarks -- Chapter 12. Concluding Forward-looking Observations -- 1 Initial Remarks -- 2 Returning to the Issue about the Added Value of Hermeneutics -- 3 A Protocol to the ECHR Concerning Socio-Economic Rights - Historical Remarks -- 4 Considerations on a Protocol to the ECHR about Socio-Economic Rights -- 5 Final Remarks -- European Court of Human Rights: List of Judgments -- European Court of Human Rights: List of Admissibility Decisions -- The European Committee on Social Rights: List of Decisions -- Bibliography -- Index.