Wideband Beamforming -- Contents -- About the Series Editors -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Array Signal Processing -- 1.2 Narrowband Beamforming -- 1.3 Wideband Beamforming -- 1.4 Wideband Beam Steering -- 1.4.1 Beam Steering for Narrowband Arrays -- 1.4.2 Beam Steering for Wideband Arrays -- 1.4.3 A Unified Interpretation -- 1.5 Summary -- 2 Adaptive Wideband Beamforming -- 2.1 Reference Signal-Based Beamformer -- 2.1.1 Least Mean Square Algorithm -- 2.1.2 Normalized Least Mean Square Algorithm -- 2.1.3 Recursive Least Squares Algorithm -- 2.1.4 Comparison of Computational Complexities -- 2.1.5 Frequency-Domain and Subband Adaptive Algorithms -- 2.1.6 Simulations -- 2.2 Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Beamforming -- 2.2.1 A Simple Formulation of Constraints -- 2.2.2 Optimum Solution to the LCMV Problem -- 2.2.3 Frost's Algorithm for LCMV Beamforming -- 2.2.4 Simulations -- 2.3 Constraints Design for LCMV Beamforming -- 2.3.1 Eigenvector Constraint Design -- 2.3.2 Design Example -- 2.3.3 Application to Wideband DOA Estimation -- 2.4 Generalized Sidelobe Canceller -- 2.4.1 GSC Structure -- 2.4.2 GSC with Tapped Delay-Lines -- 2.4.3 Blocking Matrix Design -- 2.4.4 Simulations -- 2.5 Other Minimum Variance Beamformers -- 2.5.1 Soft Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformer -- 2.5.2 Correlation Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformer -- 2.6 Robust Adaptive Beamforming -- 2.6.1 Spatially Extended Constraints -- 2.6.2 Norm-Restrained Approaches -- 2.7 Summary -- 3 Subband Adaptive Beamforming -- 3.1 Fundamentals of Filter Banks -- 3.1.1 Basic Multirate Operations -- 3.1.2 Perfect Reconstruction Condition for Filter Banks -- 3.1.3 Oversampled Modulated Filter Banks -- 3.2 Subband Adaptive Filtering -- 3.3 General Subband Adaptive Beamforming -- 3.3.1 Reference Signal Based Beamformer -- 3.3.2 Generalized Sidelobe Canceller.

3.3.3 Reconstruction of the Fullband Beamformer -- 3.3.4 Simulations -- 3.4 Subband Adaptive GSC -- 3.4.1 Structure -- 3.4.2 Analysis of the Computational Complexity -- 3.4.3 Reconstruction of the Fullband Beamformer -- 3.4.4 Simulations -- 3.5 Temporally/Spatially Subband-Selective Beamforming -- 3.5.1 Partially Adaptive GSC -- 3.5.2 Temporally/Spatially Subband-Selective Blocking Matrix -- 3.5.3 Temporally/Spatially Subband-Selective Transformation Matrix -- 3.5.4 Application to Subband Adaptive GSC -- 3.5.5 Extension to the General Subband Adaptive Beamforming Structure -- 3.5.6 Simulations -- 3.6 Frequency-Domain Adaptive Beamforming -- 3.6.1 Frequency-Domain Formulation -- 3.6.2 Constrained Frequency-Domain Adaptive Algorithm -- 3.6.3 Frequency-Domain GSC -- 3.6.4 Simulations -- 3.7 Transform-Domain Adaptive Beamforming -- 3.7.1 Transform-Domain GSC -- 3.7.2 Subband-Selective Transform-Domain GSC -- 3.7.3 Simulations -- 3.8 Summary -- 4 Design of Fixed Wideband Beamformers -- 4.1 Iterative Optimization -- 4.1.1 Traditional Methods -- 4.1.2 Convex Optimization -- 4.2 The Least Squares Approach -- 4.2.1 Standard Formulation -- 4.2.2 Constrained Least Squares -- 4.3 The Eigenfilter Approach -- 4.3.1 Standard Approach -- 4.3.2 Maximum Energy -- 4.3.3 Total Least Squares -- 4.4 Summary -- 5 Frequency Invariant Beamforming -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Design Based on Multi-Dimensional Inverse Fourier Transform -- 5.2.1 Continuous Sensor and Signals -- 5.2.2 Discrete Sensors and Signals -- 5.2.3 Design Examples -- 5.2.4 Further Generalization to the FIB Design -- 5.3 Subband Design of Frequency Invariant Beamformers -- 5.3.1 First Implementation -- 5.3.2 Second Implementation-Scaled Aperture -- 5.3.3 Design Examples -- 5.4 Frequency Invariant Beamforming for Circular Arrays -- 5.4.1 Phase Mode Processing -- 5.4.2 FIB Design -- 5.4.3 Design Example.

5.5 Direct Optimization for Frequency Invariant Beamforming -- 5.5.1 Convex Optimization -- 5.5.2 Least Squares -- 5.5.3 Eigenfilter -- 5.6 Beamspace Adaptive Wideband Beamforming -- 5.6.1 Structure -- 5.6.2 Analysis of the Beamspace Adaptive Method -- 5.6.3 Design of Independent FIBs -- 5.6.4 Simulations -- 5.7 Summary -- 6 Blind Wideband Beamforming -- 6.1 Blind Source Separation -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 A Blind Source Extraction Example -- 6.2 Blind Wideband Beamforming -- 6.3 Blind Beamforming Based on Frequency Invariant Transformation -- 6.3.1 Structure -- 6.3.2 The Algorithm -- 6.3.3 Simulations -- 6.4 Summary -- 7 Wideband Beamforming with Sensor Delay-Lines -- 7.1 Sensor Delay-Line Based Structures -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Wideband Response of the SDL-Based Structure -- 7.2 Frequency Invariant Beamforming -- 7.2.1 2-D Arrays -- 7.2.2 3-D Arrays -- 7.3 Adaptive Beamforming -- 7.3.1 Reference Signal Based Beamformer -- 7.3.2 Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformer -- 7.3.3 Discussions -- 7.3.4 Simulations -- 7.4 Beamspace Adaptive Beamforming -- 7.4.1 Structure -- 7.4.2 Simulations -- 7.5 Summary -- 8 Wideband Beamforming for Multipath Signals -- 8.1 The Wideband Multipath Problem -- 8.2 Approach Based on a Narrowband Beamformer -- 8.2.1 Structure -- 8.2.2 Simulations -- 8.3 Approach Based on Blind Source Separation -- 8.3.1 Structure -- 8.3.2 Simulations -- 8.4 MIMO System -- 8.4.1 Evolution to a MIMO System -- 8.4.2 MIMO Beamforming and Equalization -- 8.5 Summary -- Appendix A: Matrix Approximation -- Appendix B: Differentiation with Respect to a Vector -- Appendix C: Genetic Algorithm -- C.1 The Principle -- C.1.1 Chromosome Representation -- C.1.2 Parent Selection -- C.1.3 Genetic Operation -- C.1.4 Fitness Evaluation -- C.1.5 Initialization -- C.1.6 Termination -- C.2 Design Example in Section 3.5.2 -- Bibliography.

Index.