Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Series editors' preface -- Editors' preface -- Introduction: Filling or falling between the cracks? Law's potential -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting the foundations -- 3. Internationalising public law -- 4. Implementing Security Council sanctions -- 5. The place of corporations -- 6. The role of lawyers -- 7. Public law and public policy -- 8. Parallel case studies -- 9. Conclusion -- Notes -- Part I Setting down the foundations -- 1: Whose public? Which law? Mapping the internal/external distinction in international law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The two faces of international law -- 2.1 Formalism and instrumentalism -- 2.2 Dualism and the modern structure of international law -- 3. The question of human rights in Rawls's Law of Peoples -- 4. The implications of value pluralism for public law -- 4.1 The logic of Westphalian sovereignty -- 4.2 Conflicts of rights and the problem of incommensurability -- 4.3 From foundationalism to intersubjectivity -- 4.4 Individuals and peoples -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- 2: The potential for a post-Westphalian convergence of 'public law' and 'public international law' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. 'Strong states' and 'Enlightenment values' -- 2.1 Globalisation and universal values -- 3. A paradigm shift in the basis of constitutional legitimacy -- 3.1 The paradigm shift and the global enlightenment -- 3.1.1 Who speaks for whom? -- 3.1.2 International legal personality -- 3.1.3 Legitimating intervention in some cases -- 3.1.4 Elimination of the conflict between sovereignty and human rights -- 3.1.5 Liability for sovereign debt -- 3.1.6 Treatment of coup leaders -- 3.1.7 Taking constitutions seriously -- 3.1.8 The rule of law -- 3.1.9 Towards the unification of public law and public international law -- 4. Conclusions -- Notes.

Part II Internationalising public law -- 3: Globalisation and public law: A global administrative law? -- 1. Global administration -- 2. Accountability deficits -- 3. Some animals are more equal than others -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- 4: The deliberative deficit: Transparency, access to information and UN sanctions -- 1. Interrogating Security Council practice: Transparency and Security Council decisionaking on sanctions -- 1.1 Nature of Security Council decision-making on sanctions -- 2. Challenging the transparency paradigm: Transparency, legitimacy and the Security Council -- 3. A concise methodology for determination of general principles -- 4. Nature and significance of right of access to information in different legal systems -- 5. Towards a general principle of access to information: Content, scope and exceptions -- 5.1 Presumption of maximum disclosure -- 5.1.1 Limits on bodies from whom information may be requested -- 5.1.2 No need to demonstrate special interest -- 5.1.3 Conclusion -- 5.2 Exception where reasonable link established between disclosure and identifiable threat to national security and defence -- 5.2.1 Narrow designation -- 5.2.2 Degree of harm -- 5.2.3 Need for identifiable threat -- 5.2.4 Balancing test with public interest in disclosure -- 5.2.5 Least restrictive -- 5.2.6 Conclusion -- 5.3 Independent review of decisions to deny access -- 5.3.1 European Union -- 5.3.2 United Kingdom -- 5.3.3 United States -- 5.3.4 Conclusion -- 5.4 Obligation to publish -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 5: Who guards the guardian? Towards regulation of the UN Security Council's Chapter VII powers through dialogue -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Security Council and distrust -- 3. Inherent limits of judicial review -- 4. Legal accountability through dialogue -- 4.1 Theoretical basis -- 4.2 Regulatory conversation model -- 4.2.1 Commitment.

4.2.2 Accessibility -- 4.2.3 Authority -- 4.2.4 Accountability -- 5. Implications of the regulatory conversational model -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 6: Holding the United Nations Security Council accountable for human rights violations through domestic and regional courts: A case of 'be careful what you wish for'? -- 1. Background -- 1.1 The legal framework -- 1.2 The Yusuf and Kadi decisions -- 2. Challenging the reasoning on the basis of public international law -- 2.1 The relationship between article 103 and article 24 of the Charter and ius cogens -- 2.2 Judicial review of the application of Security Council decisions -- 2.3 The right to a fair hearing -- 2.3.1 The content of a right to a fair hearing -- 2.3.2 The CFI's analysis of the Al-aeda Sanctions Committee's (de-) Listing procedure -- 3. Assessment in light of subsequent developments -- Notes -- Part III Implementing Security Council sanctions -- 7: 'A delicate business': Did AWB's kickbacks to Iraq under the United Nations Oil-For-Food Programme constitute a violation of Australia's international obligations? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. UN Iraq sanctions, the Oil-For-Food Programme and the AWB kickbacks -- 3. Australia's obligations under the Charter to implement Security Council sanctions resolutions -- 3.1 The travaux préparatoires of the Charter -- 3.1.1 The travaux préparatoires of the Charter: Article 25 -- 3.1.2 The travaux préparatoires of the Charter: Articles 41 and 48 -- 3.2 The ICJ's jurisprudence on Article 25 -- 3.3 The ICJ's approach to interpreting the Charter -- 3.4 The role of 'subsequent practice' in Charter interpretation -- 4. Was there a breach of Australia's customary international law obligation to observe a standard of 'due diligence' in its performance of its international obligations? -- 5. State responsibility -- 6. Standards of accountability and governance.

7. Conclusion -- Notes -- 8: Should the United Nations Security Council leave it to the experts? The governance and accountability of UN sanctions monitoring -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The UN Charter sanctions framework and the traditional model of sanctions monitoring -- 3. The turn to experts -- 3.1 Commissions: Disarmament commissions and commissions of inquiry -- 3.1.1 Disarmament commissions -- 3.1.2 Commissions of inquiry -- 3.2 Monitoring mechanisms, groups and teams -- 3.2.1 Monitoring mechanisms -- 3.2.2 Monitoring teams -- 3.2.3 Monitoring groups -- 3.3 Panels, groups, committees and teams of experts -- 3.3.1 Committees and teams of experts -- 3.3.2 Panels and groups of experts -- 4. The governance and accountability of UN sanctions expert bodies -- 4.1 Governance -- 4.1 1 The Security Council -- 4.1.2 Sanctions committees -- 4.1.3 The UN Secretariat -- 4.1.4 Expert bodies -- 4.2 Accountability -- 4.2.1 Accountability of expert bodies -- 4.2.2 Accountability of the UN Secretariat -- 4.2.3 Accountability of sanctions committees -- 4.2.4 Accountability of the Security Council -- 5. An alternative vision of sanctions monitoring -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Part IV The place of corporations -- 9: The nexus between human rights and business: Defining the sphere of corporate responsibility -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What nexus? The emergence and acknowledgment of the relationship between human rights and business -- 2.1 Human rights treaties and their interpretation -- 2.2 International law: Isolated examples of direct engagement with business -- 2.3 United Nations sanctions -- 2.4 Soft law developments -- 3. Sphere of responsibility for human rights: States -- 3.1 Jurisdictional basis for extraterritorial protection -- 3.2 What type of human rights abuses matter? -- 4. Sphere of responsibility for human rights: Corporations.

4.3 The nature of the obligation -- 4.1 To whom is the obligation owed? -- 4.2 When is the obligation owed? -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- 10: At the intersection of international and municipal law: The case of Commissioner Cole and the Wheat Export Authority -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Domestic regulation and international obligations -- 3. Case study: Commissioner Cole and the role of the Wheat Export Authority -- 3.1 The privatisation of the Australian Wheat Board -- 3.2 The role of the Wheat Export Authority -- 4. The regulatory aftermath of the Cole Inquiry -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Part V The role of lawyers -- 11: International legal advisers and transnational corporations: Untangling roles and responsibilities for sanctions compliance -- 1. Introduction -- 2. International legal advisers and their clients -- 2.1 The Foreign Ministry and its Minister -- 2.2 The executive branch -- 2.3 Government departments -- 2.4 Private individuals and corporations -- 2.5 The resulting role for international legal advisers -- 3. Australian implementation of sanctions against Iraq -- 4. Administrative law's potential and the role of legal advisers -- 4.1 Linking public institutions with transnational actors -- 4.2 Administrative law considerations and Foreign Ministry advice for corporations -- 4.3 Administrative law considerations and corporate interaction with UN sanctions committees -- 5. Conclusions -- Appendix: Additional sources from the Cole Commission of Inquiry -- UN Office of the Iraq Programme -- UN Office of Legal Affairs -- UN Security Council Committee established by Resolution 661 (1990) concerning the situation between Iraq and Kuwait -- UN Independent Inquiry Committee -- DFAT ministerial submissions -- Statutory Declarations from past or present Commonwealth Officers -- DFAT minutes -- DFAT correspondence -- DFAT cables -- Other DFAT documents.

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