Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- 1 - War and State Building in Medieval Japan -- Introduction -- The Rise and Fall of Decentralized Military Rule in Medieval Japan -- Territorial Consolidation -- War and State Building in Japan and Europe -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 2 - They Were Soldiers Once -- The Ritsuryō State and the Emperor's Army -- Draftees and Horsemen -- Capital and Countryside -- The New Warrior Order -- Warbands, Marshals, and Sheriffs -- The First Shogunate -- Notes -- References -- 3 - Competence over Loyalty -- Introduction -- Kamakura and the Search for Order -- The Warring States Period -- The Emergence of Local Territorial States -- War in Medieval Japan -- National Unity -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 - Community Vitality in Medieval Japan -- Introduction -- Power and Social Values -- The Bargaining Hypothesis of Democracy -- Mobilization and Expansion -- Peasants and Mobilization for the Invasion of Korea -- Kumamoto: A Case Study of Village Self-Governance After Unification -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 5 - "Advance and Be Reborn in Paradise . . . " -- Notes -- References -- 6 - Autonomy and War in the Sixteenth-Century Iga Region and the Birth of the Ninja Phenomenon -- Notes -- References -- 7 - Instruments of Change -- Prologue: The Limitations of Sixteenth-Century Firearms -- Japan's Fifteenth-Century Transformations -- The Ōnin Legacy, 1477-1600 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Postscript -- Glossary -- Index.