Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Normal Values -- Blood Tubes -- Artefactual Results Due to Problems in Specimen Collection/Handling or to Pathologic Conditions -- Normal Values -- Causes of Increased and Decreased Routine Chemistry Tests in Pediatrics -- Reference Blood Values for Fetal Umbilical Blood at 18 to 40 Weeks of Pregnancy -- Normal Blood and Urine Hormone Levels -- Thyroid Function Indicators By Age (Serum Concentration) -- 17-Ketosteroids (Fractionation), Urine (mg/24 hr) -- Normal Values for Serologic Tests for Infectious Agents -- Normal Blood Antibody Levels -- Normal Blood Levels for Metabolic Diseases* -- Cerebrospinal Fluid, Normal Values -- Cerebrospinal Fluid Amino Acid Values -- Critical Values -- Lipid Fractionation: Desirable Levels for Cholesterol and Triglycerides -- Lipid Fractionation: Desirable Levels for High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol -- Determination of Body Surface Area -- Acid-Base Disorders -- Anion Gap -- Acid-Base Changes in Blood Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Metabolic Acidosis -- Lactic Acidosis (Increased Anion Gap) -- Metabolic Acidosis with Normal Anion Gap (Hyperchloremic Acidosis) -- Respiratory Acidosis -- Respiratory Alkalosis -- Metabolic Acidosis with Respiratory Alkalosis -- Respiratory Acidosis with Metabolic Alkalosis -- Respiratory Alkalosis with Metabolic Alkalosis -- Metabolic Alkalosis -- Metabolic Alkalosis with Metabolic Acidosis -- Summary of Pure and Mixed Acid-Base Disorders -- Upper Limits of Arterial Blood pH and HCO3- Concentration (Expected for Blood PCO2 Values) -- Examples of Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Metabolic Acidoses of Hyperchloremia with Increased Anion Gap -- Anion Gap Classification -- Pregnancy-Related Disorders and Prenatal Assessment of the Fetus -- Amenorrhea.

Laboratory Test Results during Menstruation -- Diagnosis of Rape -- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Prenatal Screening -- Vulvovaginitis -- Prepartum Fetal Monitoring -- Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring -- Laboratory Tests in Pregnancy at Term -- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin -- Algorithm for Diagnosis of Unruptured Ectopic Pregnancy -- Toxemia of Pregnancy -- Amniotic Fluid Embolism -- Ruptured Membranes -- Amniotic Fluid, Maternal and Fetal Serum, Normal Values -- Isolation of Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood -- Prenatal Assessment of the Fetus -- Intraamniotic Infection -- Fetal Maturity Assessment -- Determination of Preterm Delivery -- Human Placental Lactogen -- Prolonged Pregnancy -- Postmature Lungs -- Differences between Amniotic Fluid and Urine -- Fetal Death In Utero -- Fetal Fibronectin -- Hormones -- Serum Markers for Detection of Various Prenatal Conditions -- Genetic Analysis -- Fetal Blood Sampling -- Fetal Biopsy -- Ultrasonography and Echocardiography -- Disorders Specific to the Newborn -- Intrauterine Growth Retardation -- Laboratory Studies for Premature Infants -- Nucleated Red Blood Cell Count -- Recommended Routine Laboratory Studies for the Well Newborn -- Recommended Laboratory Studies for High-Risk Infants -- Neonatal Monitoring for Infection -- Acid-Base Analysis -- Biochemical Findings in Neonatal Hypocalcemia -- Pathologic Factors Aggravating Physiologic Jaundice -- Complications of Prematurity -- Delayed Respiration and Persistent Cyanosis in the Neonate -- Hypoglycemia -- Hypocalcemia -- Hyponatremia -- Hypernatremia -- Hypokalemia -- Hyperkalemia -- Narcotic Withdrawal -- Complications of Parenteral Nutrition in Neonates -- Fetomaternal Hemorrhage -- Fetal Blood pH -- Respiratory Distress Syndrome -- Necrotizing Enterocolitis -- Infectious Diseases.

Pathogens Commonly Associated with Infection in Patients with Immunosuppression (Due to Organ Transplantation, Treatment of Malignancies, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) -- Pathogens Commonly Associated with Infection in Patients with Neoplasms -- Bacterial Diseases -- Viral Diseases -- Fungal Diseases -- Spirochetal Diseases -- Rickettsial Diseases -- Parasitic Diseases -- Organisms Commonly Present in Various Sites -- Gram-Negative Pathogens in Newborns -- Prion Diseases -- Immunologic Disorders -- Initial Tests for Immunodeficiency Diseases -- Specific Tests for Evaluation of Immunodeficiency Diseases -- Clinical Uses of In Vitro Lymphocyte Activation and Proliferation Assays -- Laboratory Methods to Assess Activation and Proliferation -- Advantages of the In Vitro Cell-Mediated Immunity Method -- T-Cell Functional Testing -- X-linked Agammaglobulinemia -- Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy -- Hyperimmunoglobulin M Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- Common Variable Immunodeficiency (Acquired Hypogammaglobulinemia) -- Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency -- Immunoglobulin G Subclass Deficiencies -- T-Cell Immunodeficiencies -- Hereditary Ataxia Telangiectasia -- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome -- Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) -- Cardiovascular Diseases -- Heart Rate -- Blood Pressure -- Cyanosis -- Congenital Heart Disease -- Cardiac Arrhythmias -- Heart Failure: Causes -- Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease -- Myopathic Disorders -- Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction -- Primary Pulmonary Hypertension -- Disorders with Severe Cardiac Manifestations in Infancy -- Pulmonary Function Tests -- Peak Expiratory Flow Rate -- Spirometry -- Lung Volume Measurement -- Flow-Volume Curves -- Maximal Inspiratory and Expiratory Pressures -- Pulmonary Gas Exchange -- Pulse Oximetry -- Capnography -- Diffusing Capacity -- Ventilatory Assistance.

Reference Data -- Respiratory Rate -- Lymph Node (Scalene) Biopsy -- Thoracoscopy and Open Lung Biopsy -- Microscopic Examination of Stained Nasal Smear -- Special Stains -- Acute Nasopharyngitis -- Upper Airway Disease -- Acute Sinusitis -- Immotile Cilia Syndrome -- Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngotracheitis -- Lower Airway Disease -- Lung Abscess -- Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction -- Obstructive Emphysema -- Pneumothorax -- Histiocytosis X -- Heiner Syndrome -- Goodpasture Syndrome -- Cystic Fibrosis -- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome -- Respiratory Diseases in the Newborn -- Gastrointestinal Diseases -- Malabsorption and Malnutrition -- Fecal pH and Sugars -- Fat -- Fecal Electrolytes and Osmolality -- Fecal Enzymes -- Intestinal Permeability Tests -- Gastric Acid Analysis -- Fecal Occult Blood -- Tests for Vitamin B12 Absorption -- Congenital Malabsorption of Folic Acid -- Amino Acid Transport Defects -- Gastrin (Serum) -- Small-Bowel Biopsy -- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- Diarrhea -- Secretory (Abnormal Electrolyte Transport) Diarrhea -- Inherited Disorders Affecting Gut Function -- Gastrointestinal Causes of Hypoproteinemia -- Disaccharidase Deficiencies -- Lactose Intolerance -- Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency -- Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption -- Isolated Enzyme Deficiencies -- Congenital Chloridorrhea -- Congenital Sodium Diarrhea -- Primary Hypomagnesemia -- Celiac Disease -- Tropical Sprue -- Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Ulcerative Colitis -- Crohn Disease -- Comparison of Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis -- Pseudomembranous Colitis -- Homozygous Hypobetalipoproteinemia -- Abetalipoproteinemia -- Hormone-Secreting Tumors -- Other Malabsorptive Syndromes -- Other Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders -- Immunodeficiency -- Autoimmune Enteropathy -- Motility Disturbances -- Constipation.

Hirschsprung Disease -- Distinguishing Features of Hirschsprung Disease and Functional Constipation -- Encopresis -- Pyloric Stenosis -- Bulimia Nervosa -- Abdominal Pain/Tenderness -- Peptic Ulcers -- Acute Appendicitis -- Ascites in Fetus or Neonate -- Pancreas -- Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis in Children -- Differential Diagnosis of Hyperamylasemia -- Prognostic Laboratory Findings -- Complications of Pancreatitis -- Chronic Pancreatitis -- Macroamylasemia -- Pseudocyst of Pancreas -- Shwachman Syndrome -- Pearson Syndrome -- Other Syndromes Associated with Pancreatic Insufficiency -- Cystic Fibrosis -- Liver Disease -- Biochemical Investigation of Prolonged Jaundice -- Standard Indicators Measured to Assess Liver Function -- Indications for Liver Function Tests -- Evaluation of Liver Function Test Results -- Typical Changes in Liver Function Indicators in Different Disease States -- a-Fetoprotein Elevation -- Cirrhosis -- Cholestasis -- Drugs that may Affect the Liver -- Hepatitis -- Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal -- Hyperphosphatasemia, Benign Transient (Idiopathic Hyperphosphatasemia of Infancy) -- Hypothyroidism -- Jaundice -- Liver Failure, Neonatal: Differential Diagnosis -- Metabolic Diseases Causing Liver Disorders -- Reye Syndrome -- Stenosis, Pyloric -- Thromboembolism, Hepatic -- Thrombosis -- Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis -- Viral Hepatitis -- Wilson Disease -- Other Causes of Liver Disease in Older Children -- Hematologic Disorders -- Normal Blood Levels -- Blood Volume -- Age-Specific Values for Standard Hematologic Indices -- Hematologic Values in Preterm Infants (Compared with Term Infants) -- Procedures for Hematologic Studies -- Automated Complete Blood Cell Count -- Blood Cell Analysis -- Evaluation of Iron Levels -- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis -- Bone Marrow Examination -- Osmotic Fragility Test.

Special Diagnostic Procedures.