Cover -- HalfTitle -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Figures -- Tables -- List of Contributors -- Editors' Introduction -- Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources -- 1. History of Research -- 2. Sources -- 3. Writing Systems -- 4. Corpora -- Notes -- Part I METHODOLOGY -- Sound Change and the Comparative Method: The Science of Historical Reconstruction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. System in Language -- 3. Regularity of Sound Change in the Languages of the World -- 4. Sapir and Michelson -- 5. Bloomfi eld's 1925 Reconstruction -- 6. Bloomfi eld's 'Sketch' of 1946 -- 7. PA Studies after Bloomfi eld -- 8. Comparative Reconstruction by Computer -- 9. The Reconstruction Engine of Mazaudon and Lowe -- 10. Reconstruction and Typology -- 11. Conclusion -- Notes -- Internal Reconstruction -- 1. Introduction to the Method -- 2. The Method of Internal Reconstruction Exemplifi ed -- 3. Confi rming the Results of Internal Reconstruction -- 4. Limitations of Internal Reconstruction -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Typology and Universals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Typology as an Evaluative Tool in Comparative Linguistics -- 3. Typology and Sound Change/Typology of Sound Changes -- 4. Typology and Analogical/Morphological Change -- 5. Typology and Syntactic Change -- 6. Typology and Language Contact -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- Internal Language Classification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Character-Based Classifi cations -- 3. Distance-Based Classifi cations -- 4. Subgrouping for Comparative Purposes -- 5. Outlook -- Notes -- Part II PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE -- Segmental PhonologicalChange -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Assimilation and Ease of Articulation -- 3. Syllable-Based Change and Preference Laws -- 4. Coda Neutralization and Universal Constraints on Change -- 5. Metathesis, Dissimilation and Perception.

6. Chain Shifting and Sound Change in Progress -- 7. The 'Life Cycle of Sound Change' -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- Suprasegmental and Prosodic Historical Phonology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tonogenesis and Related Phenomena -- 3. Prosodic Finality and Accent Retraction -- 4. Accent Protraction -- 5. Avoidance of Prominence Clash (the OCP) -- 6. Phrasal Prosody and Linguistic Change -- Notes -- Part III MORPHOLOGICAL AND GRAMMATICAL CHANGE -- From Morphologization to Demorphologization -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Morphologization -- 3. Changes in Infl ectional Morphology -- 4. Demorphologization -- 5. Conclusion. Diachrony and History -- Notes -- Analogical Change -- 1. Analogy as a Linguistic Concept -- 2. Types of Analogy -- 3. Laws of Analogy? -- 4. Analogy as an Emergent Force -- Notes -- Change in Grammatical Categories -- 1. The Nominal Categories in Afro-Asiatic Languages -- 2. Verbal Categories in Semitic Languages -- Note -- Part IV SYNTACTIC CHANGE -- Word Order -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Change by Reduction: 'Free' to Fixed Word Order -- 3. Reanalysis: Head-Complement Order -- 4. Verb Second: Extension and Reduction -- 5. Grammaticalization of Discourse: Topicalization -- The Rise (and Possible Downfall) of Configurationality -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Approaches to Non-Confi gurationality -- 3. Indo-European Non-Confi gurationality -- 4. From Latin to Romance -- 5. Two Types of Non-Confi gurationality -- 6. Why Did Confi gurationality Arise? -- Notes -- Subordination -- 1. Nonfi nite Subordination -- 2. Finite Subordination -- Notes -- Alignment -- 1. Alignment: Defi nitions -- 2. Alignment Change -- 3. General Principles of Alignment Change -- Notes -- Part V SEMANTICO-PRAGMATIC CHANGE -- Grammaticalization -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammaticalization as Reduction -- 3. Grammaticalization as Expansion -- Notes -- Semantic Change -- 1. Introduction.

2. Types of Semantic Change -- 3. Semantic Change be yond the Word -- 4. Causes of Semantic Change -- 5. Towards a Deeper Understanding of Semantic Change -- Notes -- Etymology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Etymology in Past and Present -- 3. What is Etymology? -- Notes -- Part VI EXPLANATIONS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE -- Language Contact -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Areal Linguistics -- 3. Pidgins and Creoles -- 4. The Effects of Contact -- 5. Theoretical Issues: Contact and the Nature of Linguistic Change -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Regional and Social Dialectology -- 1. Two Branches of Dialectology -- 2. Historical Inferences from Regional Variation -- 3. Historical Inferences from Social Variation -- 4. Dynamics of Language Change -- Causes of LanguageChange -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inter-Generational Transmission -- 3. Variation and Prestige -- 4. Teleology in Language Change -- 5. External Causes -- 6. Do Internal Causes Exist? -- Notes -- A-Z Historical Linguistics -- References -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Authors -- Index of Languages.