Interactions between the Craniomandibular System and Cervical Spine The influence of an unilateral change of occlusionon the upper cervical range of motion -- I Acknowledgement -- Table of Contents -- III Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1. Embryology -- 2.1.1. Biological development and evolution of the jaw, facial and cervicalregions -- 2.1.1.1. The gill system -- 2.1.1.2. Differentiation of tissues in human gill arches -- 2.1.1.3. Gill arch innervation in humans -- 2.2. Anatomy of the human temporomandibular joint -- 2.2.1. Neuroanatomical relationships between the CMS and the upper portion ofthe CS -- 2.2.1.1. The nervus trigeminus pathway -- 2.2.1.2. The area innervated by the nervus trigeminus -- 2.2.1.3. Nervus trigeminus convergences with other areas -- 2.2.1.4. Plexus cervicalis and its relationship to the upper CS -- 2.2.2. Musculature in the CMS region -- 2.2.2.1. The CMS musculature -- 2.2.2.2. Musculature in the CS region -- 2.2.2.3. Functional interactions between the masticatory musculature and theanterior and posterior neck musculature. -- 2.2.3. Functional connections between the CMS, CS and shoulder girdle regions -- 2.2.3.1. Head posture -- 2.2.3.2. Mandibular posture -- 3. Empirical section -- 3.1. Investigations on neuronal interactions between areas innervated by the trigeminus and the innervation of the upper cervical areas. -- 3.1.1. Sensory neuronal interactions between the CMS and CS regions -- 3.1.2. Neuronal motor interactions between the CMS and CS regions -- 3.2. Craniomandibular dysfunction -- 3.2.1. Historical background for CMD -- 3.2.2. Definition and diagnostics for CMD -- 3.2.3. Overview of investigations in cases of functional impairment of the CMS. -- 3.3. Pathophysiology of the CMS and the upper CS region in humans -- 3.4. Biomechanical connections between the CCS and CMS.

4. Aims of the current study and hypotheses -- 5. Material and methods -- 5.1. Definition of the exclusion criteria -- 5.2. Sample -- 5.3. Questionnaire and clinical investigation of the CS region -- 5.3.1. Questionnaire A: Sociodemographic data, pain assessment and measurementof the maximum opening of the mouth -- 5.3.2. Questionnaire B: Determination of the exclusion criteria (B1) andquestioning of the subjects on subjectively perceived tension (B2) -- 5.4. Experimental design and measurements -- 5.4.1. Experimental design -- 5.4.2. Chronological sequence of the entire experimental design depicted using aflow chart -- 5.4.3. Description of an individual measurement -- 5.4.3.1. Introduction, fitting of the metal foil, warming up -- 5.4.3.2. Conduct of analysis of mobility in the CS -- 6. Results and interpretation -- 6.1. Demographic data -- 6.2. Intergroup comparison of demographic data -- 6.3. General evaluation of the raw data on baseline measurements -- 6.4. Evaluation of the baseline measurements for each group -- 6.5. Statistical analysis of measurements made under experimental conditions -- 6.6. Results from the questionnaires on subjective perception of tension -- 6.7. Evaluation of the hypotheses -- 7. Discussion -- 7.1. Discussion of the findings with reference to the theoretical and empiricalresearch background and their clinical relevance -- 7.2. Discussion of errors -- 7.3. Comparisons with other studies -- 8. Conclusions -- 8.1. Study design -- 8.2. Results of the current investigation -- 9. References -- Appendix.