Cyclical Change -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Cyclical change, an introduction -- 1. The linguistic cycle and cyclical change -- 2. The cycles discussed in this volume -- 3. The steps in a cycle -- 4. The differences between cycles -- 5. The sources of renewal -- 6. Insights of certain theoretical frameworks -- 7. Why is there change and why are there cycles? -- 8. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements and practical notes -- References -- Negatives -- Jespersen recycled -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stage I -- 3. From stage I to stage II -- 4. Polarity items -- 5. Adverbials from minimizers -- 6. The Neg-P hypothesis -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- The Jespersen Cycles* -- Introduction -- 1. The two Jespersen accounts -- 1.1 What did Jespersen (1917) mean? -- 1.2 What do many other linguists mean? -- 1.3 Clause-final repeated negators -- 1.4 Intermediate conclusion -- 2. Any more variation? -- 3. Even more variation? -- 3.1 A new emphatic strategy at the doubling stage -- 3.2 Denegativizing -- 3.3 Tripling -- 3.4 Skipping the reanalysis of doubling -- 3.5 Another intermediate conclusion -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The negative cycle in early and modern Russian* -- 1. Introduction1 -- 2. Theoretical considerations -- 2.1 Feature checking in minimalism -- 2.2 Negative Concord -- 2.3 NEG feature interpretation in NC languages -- 3. Negation in Russian -- 3.1 A brief note on the history of Russian -- 3.2 Early Russian -- 3.3 Modern Standard Russian -- 3.4 Modern non-standard Russian dialects -- 4. Negative/ NC cycle in Russian -- 4.1 Feature interpretation in NC structures in the history of Russian -- 4.2 Emphatic negation in Modern Standard Russian -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Jespersen off course? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Afrikaans negation: The basic facts.

3. Current developments I: The distribution of nie2 -- 4. Current developments II: Non-nie2-related reinforcement patterns -- 4.1 Negative quantifier-related developments -- 4.2 Nie1-related developments: Lexical substitution -- 4.3 Summary -- 5. Analysis -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Pronouns, agreement, and topic markers -- Weak pronouns in Italian -- Introduction -- 1. The Italian pronominal system and the theoretical framework -- 1.1 The Italian pronominal system -- 2. Out of the paradigm: weak pronouns -- 2.1 Written Italian -- 2.2 Spoken Italian -- 3. Economy principles -- 3.1 Economy of Representation -- 3.2 Head Preference principle -- 3.3 Consequences -- 4. Subject cycle: Evidence from old romance -- 5. A broken cycle: The influence of prescriptive grammar -- 5.1 At which point of the cycle is egli? -- 5.2 LoroDAT -- 6. New cycles -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- The subject cycle of pronominal auxiliaries in old north russian -- Introduction -- 1. The pronominalization of BE -- 2. Evidence -- 2.1 Language internal evidence -- 2.2 Crosslinguistic evidence -- 3. Reanalysis in a syntactic framework -- 3.1 Pro Taraldsen's generalization -- 3.2 A solution to the so-called 'l-less perfect': The subject cycle -- 4. The loss of null subject -- 4.1 Third person BE as a modal -- 4.2 Der dritte Weg: How to lose null subjects -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Two instances of a broken cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. E as a topic marker -- 3. The element sì -- 4. A broken cycle -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Primary sources -- Copulas, auxiliaries, and adpositions -- The copula cycle -- 1. Introduction* -- 2. The syntax of copulas -- 3. Economy and grammaticalization -- 3.1 Economy, grammaticalization and features -- 4. The copula cycle and features -- 4.1 The copula cycle -- 4.2 Specifier to head -- 4.2.1. Demonstratives and pronouns.

4.2.2. Existentials -- 4.2.3. Summary -- 4.3 Head-to-head -- 4.3.1 Full verbs -- 4.3.2. Auxiliaries -- 4.3.3. Adpositions -- 4.4 Head to affix -- 4.5 Summary -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Rather -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rather in current and earlier English -- 2.1 Rather in current grammars -- 2.2 Rather in earlier English -- 3. The analysis -- 3.1 Introducing the semantics used -- 3.2 Change from temporal to modal meaning -- 4.3 Cycle theory -- 4.2 Brief excursus into partially similar changes -- 4.1 More towards modalizing rather -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Cycles of complementation in the Mayan languages* -- Introduction -- 1. The Mayan language family -- 2. Stage one - lexical aspect -- 2.1 Verbal aspectual constructions -- 2.1.1. Aspectual verbs -- 2.1.2. Movement verbs -- 2.2 Stative aspectual constructions -- 3. Stage two - grammatical aspect -- 4. Stage three - null aspect -- 5. The cycle of complementation - yucatec -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- The preposition cycle in English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The internal structure of phrases with projective prepositions -- 3. The preposition cycle: Structural and semantic reanalysis -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix - Abbreviations in data -- The study of syntactic cycles as an experimental science -- Introduction -- 1. The economy of language change -- 2. Artificial language learning and change -- 2.1 Artificial language learning -- 2.2 All studies of language change -- 2.3 Criticism of traditional ALL paradigms -- 3. Situated artificial language learning -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Author index -- Subject index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today.