Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Tables -- Figures -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- Language in Gibraltar -- Aims and objectives -- Underlying socio-political contentions: the effects of the Spanish blockade (1969-1982) -- Decline in Spanish language influence -- Increase of English language influence -- Outline of the book -- 2. The speech community of Gibraltar -- From the Phoenicians to the British occupation in1704 -- The eighteenth century: the birth of a new population -- The nineteenth century: consolidation and growth -- The first half of the twentieth century: war, evacuation and identity -- The post-war period: tension, referendum and blockade -- 3. Fieldwork, methodology and analysis -- Sampling considerations and criteria -- Social variables -- Age -- Pre-adolescents (aged9-12) -- Adolescents/teenagers (aged13-19) -- Sex -- Ethnicity -- Class -- Test and interview procedure -- Reading Wordlists(RW) -- Translation Wordlists(TW) -- Recording and analysis -- 4. Language choice, competence and attitude -- Introduction: mother tongue in Gibraltar -- Findings -- Language choice in the home domain -- Age -- Ethnicity -- Class -- Sex -- Language choice in the school domain -- Age -- School -- Ethnicity -- Class -- Sex -- Most Comfortable Language (MCL) -- Age -- Ethnicity -- Class -- Sex -- Factors influencing language choice and behaviour -- Communication accommodation -- Language confidence and competence -- Acts of identity -- Language awareness, attitudes and norms -- Reading habits -- Television viewing habits -- Contact with the UK -- Contact with Spain -- Summary and conclusions -- 5. Gibraltarian English -- Gibraltarian vowel system -- KIT/FLEECE -- FOOT/GOOSE and BULL/TOOL -- FOOT/GOOSE -- BULL/TOOL -- DRESS.

LOT/THOUGHT merger -- TRAP/STRUT merger -- START and BATH -- NURSE -- LETTER -- CLOSING DIPHTHONGS -- FACE -- PRICE -- CHOICE -- MOUTH -- GOAT/GOAL -- CENTRING/OPENING DIPHTHONGS -- CURE and POOR -- NEAR -- SQUARE -- Summary and conclusions -- 6. Gibraltarian English -- Areas of potential Spanish transfer -- /b/ /v/ merger -- /∫/ /t∫/ merger -- /ʒd/ /dʒ/ merger -- /d/ /ð/ merger -- TH-fronting -- TH-fronting in Britain -- Aspiration of fortis plosives /p, t, k/ -- Initial /s/ + consonant -- Clusters and final consonants -- T-glottalling -- T-glottalling in the British Isles and beyond -- T-glottalling in Gibraltar -- NG -- J and W -- H and H-dropping -- H-dropping in Britain -- H-dropping in Gibraltar -- R -- R in the the British Isles and beyond -- R in Gibraltar -- L -- L variants in the English-speaking world -- L in Gibraltar -- Summary and conclusions -- Category 1 -- Category 2 -- Category 3 -- Category 4 -- Summary and conclusions -- References -- Other material and sources consulted -- Index -- The series IMPACT: Studies in language and society.