Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Editors and contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cognitive linguistics -- 3. The place of grammar in the architecture of language -- 4. Figuration and grammar -- 4.1 Setting the stage -- 4.2 Source or target: What motivates grammatical structure? -- 5. Grammatical metaphor -- 6. Grammatical metonymy -- 7. The contributions to this volume -- 7.1 Part 1: Word class meaning and word formation -- 7.2 Part 2: Case and aspect -- 7.3 Part 3: Proper names and noun phrases -- 7.4 Part 4: Predicate and clause constructions -- 7.5 Part 5: Metonymic and metaphoric motivations of grammatical meaning -- 8. Figuration in grammar: Prospects for future research -- Notes -- References -- Metonymic grammar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Active zones -- 3. Reference points -- 4. Complex things and relationships -- 5. Buried connections -- 6. Anaphoric connections -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Part 1 -- Nouns are things -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Typical and atypical nouns -- 3. Langacker's noun schema thing -- 4. Further evidence for the noun schema: Nouns vs. verbs -- 5. Evidence from lexico-semantic change -- 6. Overt manifestations of the noun schema -- 6.1 The grammaticalization path of placeholder nouns: Evidence for the noun schema? -- 6.2 Synchronic evidence for the metaphorical noun schema in placeholder nouns -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- Sources -- References -- The role of metonymy in word formation -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Agent nouns: An overview -- 1.2 Agent nouns: A lexical approach -- 2. Agent noun formation in Brazilian Portuguese -- 3. Word formation patterns and conceptual metonymy -- 3.1 Occupational agent nouns in Portuguese and metonymic models -- 3.2 [[X]-ista] mental agent nouns.

3.3 [[X]-eiro] occupational agent nouns -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- References -- The metonymic basis of a 'semantic partial' -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 ka- and ka-___-an -- 1.2 Theoretical background and overview of the ka- conceptual network -- 2. Background: Tagalog/Filipino -- 3. Sources and methods -- 4. Analysis of ka- -- 4.1 The comitative construction: Individuation and participant in shared experience -- 4.2 Abstract quality -- 4.3 Comparison of equality -- 4.4 Intense experience -- 4.5 Exclamation -- 4.6 Recent completive aspect -- 5. Forms with ka-___-an -- 5.1 Ka-___-an: Place -- 5.2 Ka-___-an: Abstract quality1 -- 5.3 Ka-___-an: Abstract quality2: Experiential states -- 5.4 Ka-___-an, abstract quality3: Custom, collective activity -- 5.5 Ka-___-an: Collections: Material, tools, assembled item -- 5.6 Summary of ka-___-an -- 6. The non-control 'accidental' stressed form ká- -- 6.1 Ká-: Collective interaction -- 6.2 Ká-: Future -- 6.3 Ká-: Do more, less -- 6.4 Ká-: Superlative, endpoint, result -- 7. Complex lexical constructions with ka- -- 8. Subjectification -- 9. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Part 2 -- A new model of metaphorization -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Orienteering strategies in Aghul -- 2.1 The Aghul system of local cases -- 2.2 Metaphorization of orienteering strategies in Aghul -- 3. The Mirror Hypothesis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A model of metaphorization -- 4. A look at diachrony: The Udi system of relational cases -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Aspect and metonymy in the French passé simple -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The passé simple (ps) in French -- 3. Data sources -- 4. Conceptual metonymy -- 5. Metonymically induced aspectual shift in the French passé simple -- 5.1 From 'knowing' to 'learning': The case of savoir -- 5.2 From 'being' to 'becoming': The case of French être.

5.3 From 'having' to 'doing': The case of avoir -- 6. Summary and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part 3 -- Generic reference in English -- 1. Introduction: Outlining problems of genericity -- 1.1 Types of generic reference -- 1.2 Interdependence of instance and type -- 2. Indefinite singular: Representative generic -- 2.1 Individuative and generic indefinite singulars -- 2.2 Representative-instance quantifiers and representative generics -- 2.3 Blending of instance and type in representative generics -- 2.4 Uses of the representative generic -- 3. Bare plural: Proportional generic -- 3.1 Individuative and generic indefinite plurals -- 3.2 The bare plural as a proportional generic -- 3.3 Blending of instance and type in proportional generics -- 3.4 The proportional subset referred to by proportional generics -- 4. Definite singular: Kind generic -- 4.1 Individuative and generic definite singulars -- 4.2 Reference to a kind -- 4.3 Blending of instance and type in kind generics -- 4.3 Position of the kind within a taxonomic hierarchy -- 4.4 Position of the kind within the Great Chain of BeingLakoff and -- 4.5 Summary -- 5. Definite plural: Delimited generic -- 5.1 Individuative and generic definite plurals -- 5.2 Blending of instance and type in delimited generics -- 5.3 Uses of the delimited generic -- 5.4 Motivation of the delimited generic -- 6. Summary and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The (non-)metonymic use of place names in English, German, Hungarian, and Croatian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referential metonymies: Cross-linguistic differences in exploitation -- 2.1 The capital for government metonymy in the language of media: Corpus data -- 2.2 The interaction of the conceptual metaphor relationship is proximity and the capital for government metonymy, or: How a culturally mediated metaphor can block metonymy.

2.3 A contrastive intermezzo: A comparison of syntactic functions of capital for government metonymies -- 2.4 capital for government metonymies as subjects -- 2.5 The capital for government metonymy and topic continuity -- 3. Names of capitals as two-tiered metonymies -- 4. Putting it all together -- Notes -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Metonymies we live without -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The contingent nature of metonymy -- 3. Managing metonymy-induced polysemy -- 3.1 A case study of stuff: "Animal grinding" and wood(s) -- 3.2 "Soft" and "hard" contrasts in the metonymic coding of linguistic action -- 4. Conclusions and prospects for further research -- Notes -- References -- Part 4 -- Form is motion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Motion constructions in architectural discourse -- 2.1 Trajectors -- 2.2 Motion predicates -- 2.3 Manner of motion -- 3. Figurative motivation of fictive motion constructions in architectural discourse -- 4. Summary and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- A metonymic analysis of Singaporean and Malaysian English causative constructions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous work -- 2.1 The causative-resultative construction -- 2.2 Adversative resultatives -- 2.3 Conventionalized scenarios -- 2.4 Adversative conventionalized scenarios -- 3. Singaporean and Malaysian English -- 4. Substratum influences -- 5. Methodology and results -- 5.1 Elicited data -- 5.2 The participants and survey conditions -- 5.3 Survey results -- 6. Mechanisms of change -- 6.1 Metonymy -- 6.2 Grammaticalization -- 7. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Metonymy in indirect directives -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The problem -- 3. The data -- 4. Analysis of data -- 5. Towards motivating cross-linguistic differences -- Notes -- References -- Part 5 -- The metonymic and metaphoric grounding of two image-schema transformations -- 1. Introduction.

2. Some theoretical tools of analysis -- 2.1 Metaphor and constraints on metaphor -- 2.2 Metonymy -- 3. The 'path-end-of-path' transformation -- 3.1 Literal transformations -- 3.2 Non-literal transformations -- 3.3 Further path transformations -- 4. The 'multiplex-mass' transformation -- 5. Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- Motivation of construction meaning and form -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Goals and organization of the chapter -- 1.2 Corpus and analytical levels -- 1.3 Previous studies -- 1.4 Some basic notions -- 2. Some figures -- 3. Metonymy-motivated constructional meaning -- 3.1 Prototypical meaning -- 3.2 Non-prototypical meaning -- 4. Metonymy-motivated constructional form -- 4.1 Prototypical form -- 4.2 Non-prototypical constructional form -- 5. The primacy of inferential metonymy in the processing of constructional meaning, form, and discourse understanding -- 6. Summary and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Metonymy and metaphor index -- Name index -- Subject index -- The series Human Cognitive Processing.