Washing the Brain - Metaphor and Hidden Ideology -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication -- Typographical conventions -- Table of contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Preface -- section 1 -- chapter 1 -- Introducing metaphor -- 1.1 Some terms for analysing metaphors -- 1.2 Inter-relations between metaphors -- 1.3 The theory of conceptual metaphor -- 1.4 Characterising conceptual metaphors and metaphor themes -- 1.5 Literal language, conventional metaphor and original metaphor -- 1.6 Convention, commonsense and latent ideology -- 1.7 Conclusion: CATEGORY IS DIVIDED AREA -- chapter 2 -- Metaphors of power -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 IMPORTANT IS BIG, POWER / CONTROL IS ABOVE, IMPORTANCE / STATUS IS HIGH -- 2.3 IMPORTANT IS CENTRAL -- 2.4 RACE IS COLOUR, GOOD IS PURE / CLEAN / WHITE -- 2.5 DISEASE IS INVASION -- 2.6 ACTIVITY IS MOVEMENT FORWARDS and the Cult of Speed -- 2.7 Time and space metaphors -- 2.8 TIME IS MONEY / COMMODITY -- 2.9 Education, socialisation and time: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's stone -- 2.10 ACTIVITY IS FIGHTING -- 2.11 The adversarial system in law, politics, the media and philosophy. -- 2.12 SEX IS VIOLENCE and rape -- 2.13 Summary -- chapter 3 -- Metaphors for humans and the living world -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 human is food -- 3.3 Life as a commodity -- 3.4 QUALITY IS MONEY/WEALTH -- 3.4.1 Privatisation of natural "resources". -- 3.5 ORGANISATION / SYSTEM IS MACHINE -- 3.6 HUMAN IS MACHINE -- 3.6.1 Lexical evidence for the prevalence of the metaphor -- 3.6.2 Science, technology and the mind / body as machine -- 3.6.3 Objections to mechanistic views of humans -- 3.6.4 The Santiago theory of cognition -- 3.6.5 Haraway's cyborg manifesto. -- 3.7 Summary -- chapter 4 -- Humans as animals, literal or metaphorical? -- 4.1 Impositive metaphors and subjective metaphors.

4.2 LANDSCAPE/WEATHER IS A HUMAN BODY? -- 4. 3 HUMAN IS ANIMAL? -- 4. 3. 1 Human as more or less / a kind of animal - selfish, competitive and aggressive. -- 4.3.2 Humans as more or less animals - but co-operative and symbiotic. -- 4.3.3 Humans as in many respects animals -- 4.3.4 Humans as possibly like animals in many respects, but ideally as different. -- 4.3.5 Humans as in some/few respects like an animal. -- 4.3.6 Human reductionism -- 4.4 Summary -- chapter 5 -- Interactions between metaphor themes -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Multivalency -- 5.2.1 Multivalency → MORE = GOOD -- 5.2.2 Multivalency → CHANGE = SUCCESS / DEVELOPMENT. -- 5.3 Evaluative oppositions -- 5.3.1 RELATIONSHIP IS PROXIMITY/COHESION v. FREEDOM IS SPACE TO MOVE -- 5.3.2 Change v. stability in Relationships. -- 5.4 A complex case of metaphor theme interaction -- 5.5 Diversification -- 5.5.1 Diverse metaphors for emotion -- 5.5.2 Diverse metaphors for education -- 5.5.3 Summary of diversification -- 5.6 Summary of metaphorical interactions -- Introduction to section 2 -- chapter 6 -- Are metaphorical themes universal? -- 6.1 Mind, body and culture -- 6.2 Metonymy as basis of all conceptual metaphor themes -- 6.3 EMOTION IS SENSE IMPRESSION -- 6.3.1 Damasio's theory of the emotions -- 6.3.2 EMOTION AS CAUSE OF EMOTION metonymy -- 6.3.3 Specific emotional / bodily responses -- 6.4 The cultural influences on emotion metaphors -- 6.4.1 Metaphor themes for anger in English -- 6.4.2 Cultural variations in metaphor themes for anger -- 6.4.3 Humoral theory and the body-cultural history debate -- 6.5 Challenges to the universality of conceptual metaphor themes. -- 6.5.1 No such exact target concept exists in one culture / languageas exists in another. -- 6.5.2 No such exact source concept exists in one culture / language as exists in another -- 6.5.3 Target varies with the source.

6.5.4 Sources and targets are paired differently -- 6.5.5 Different grounds or partial mapping of potential correspondences. -- 6.5.6 General identity of pairing with specific differences -- 6.6 Grady primary metaphors and multivalency -- 6.7 Questioning the metonymic basis of metaphor themes -- 6.8 The body as biological or historical and cultural? -- chapter 7 -- Grammar, metaphor and ecology -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Noun-Verb / Thing-Process construction -- 7.3 The Typical Clause and Canonical Events -- 7.4 Canonical events, the Newtonian world-view and industrialisation -- 7.4.1 Industrialising nature -- 7.4.2 The role of ideological metaphors in the industrialisation of nature -- 7.5 Modern scientific challenges to Newtonian dynamics -- 7.6 Congruent language and grammatical metaphor -- 7.7 Grammatical metaphors for modern science -- 7.7.1 Activation of tokens -- 7.7.2 Activation of experiences (phenomena) -- 7.7.3 Ambient structures or dummy subjects: prop it and existential there -- 7.7.4 Activation of circumstances -- 7.7.5 Creative processes and cognate objects -- 7.7.6 Reciprocal and reflexive verbs -- 7.7.7 Ergativity -- 7.7.8 Nominalization -- 7.8 Niitsi'powahsin (Blackfoot) grammar as radical metaphor -- 7.8.1 Emphasis on "verbs" in Niitsi'powahsin -- 7.8.2 "Nominalisations" -- 7.8.3 Niitsi'powahsin (Blackfoot) speakers' perspectives -- 7.9 Other relevant aspects of Blackfoot world-view -- 7.10 Possession -- 7.10.1 Action schema -- 7.10.2 Location, existence and other schemas -- 7.10.3 Ideology and the action schema -- 7.11 Conclusion and summary: process philosophies and ideologies -- chapter 8 -- Capitalism and the developmentof ideological metaphors -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The ideological tradition of capitalist economic philosophy -- 8.2.1 Competition and conflict -- 8.2.2 Self-interest, individualism and the family.

8.2.3 Man is animal -- 8.2.4 Property -- 8.2.5 Summary -- 8.2.6 Newtonian influence on economic philosophers -- 8.2.7 Man and society as machines -- 8.2.8 Quality and quantity -- 8.2.9 QUALITY IS WEALTH/MONEY -- 8.2.10 Economic virtues and TIME IS MONEY/COMMODITY -- 8.2.11 Progressivism in Darwin: CHANGE = GOOD -- 8.2.12 Capitalist economic philosophers, experientialism and the contemporary theory of metaphor -- 8.3 A critique of Lakoff's moral politics -- 8.4 Reductionism or not? -- 8.4.1 Feyerabend, Prigogine and reductionism -- 8.4.2 Experiential cognitive science as reductionism -- 8.4.3 Literalisation, reductionism and ideology -- 8.4.4 A less-reductionist model of discourse -- 8.5 Envoi: a meditation on incarnation -- 8.6 Summary and conclusion -- Bibliography -- Main index -- Name and author index -- Index of languages -- Index of metonymy themes (X AS Y) metaphor themes (X IS Y), metaphor equations (X = Y) and theme reversals* -- The series Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture.