Chomskyan (R)evolutions -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Foreword and Acknowledgments -- Chomsky's Atavistic Revolution (with a little help from his enemies) -- 1. Modernism and ancestry -- 2. Ironic distance -- 3. The exceptional Mr Chomsky -- 4. Love your enemies -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- The equivocation of form and notation in generative grammar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linguistics and language teaching -- 3. The passive in English -- 3.1 Two descriptive accounts of the passive -- 3.2 Three generative accounts of the passive -- 3.3 The descriptive side of generative grammar -- 4. Form and notation in descriptive versus generative grammar -- 5. The model-building approach in other sciences -- 6. The way forward -- 6.1 Data, descriptivism, and structuralism -- 6.2 The method of lexical exceptions -- References -- Chomsky's paradigm -- 1. Universal Grammar -- 2. Language use -- 3. The social and semiotic nature of language in the structuralist tradition -- 4. Iconicity as evidence of the semiotic nature of language -- 5. The goals of linguistic theory -- 6. Language variation, diachrony and the biological perspective -- 7. Historiography as Metatheory -- References -- Appendix -- Part I. The young revolutionary (1950-1960) -- "Scientific revolutions" and other kinds of regime change -- 1. The unsatisfying state of grammatical analysis, ca. 1955 -- 1.1. Boas -- 1.2 Sapir -- 1.3 Bloomfield -- 1.4 The Whorf vogue -- 1.5 Echoes of Jespersen's English grammar(s) -- 1.6 The lack of help from Saussure lectures -- 2. Syntactic Structures -- 3. "Revolutions" and rhetorics of continuity or breaks -- 3.1 After the success of "revolutions" -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Noam and Zellig -- 1. B'Reshit -- 2. Two uses of argument -- 3. Founding a science -- 4. Carnap's rules of transformation.

5. The Morphophonemics of Modern Hebrew -- 6. Discovery and restatement -- 7. Fundamental data -- 8. The attack on distributional analysis -- 9. Sounds and contrasts -- 10. The relative nature of elements -- 11. The role of meaning -- 12. The language, the whole language, and nothing but the language -- 13. Pseudoproblems -- 14. Grammatical machinery is expressed in a metalanguage -- 15. Generalization is not the same as abstraction -- 16. Psychological realities -- 17. Revolutionaries -- References -- Chomsky 1951 a and Chomsky 1951b -- 1. Background: Semitics -- 2. Background: "Formal sciences" -- 3. Reception -- 4. Revision -- References -- Grammar and language in Syntactic Structures -- 0. Introduction -- 1. 'Structure': A significant singular ? -- 2.' Levels' -- 3. 'Grammar' and 'language' -- 4. Grammar and meaning: The structuralist 'reflux' -- 5. Epilogue: A new 'flux' -- References -- Part II. The cognitive revolution -- Chomsky's other Revolution -- 1. Chomsky's other revolution -- 2. Cognitive psychology -- 3. Out with the science of behavior -- 4. In with the science of mental life -- 5. Artificial Intelligence -- 6. Machine Translation -- 7. A device of some sort -- 8. The mental as mechanical -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- Chomsky between revolutions -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The "cognitive revolution" -- 2. From "structures" to "aspects" -- 3. Chomsky among the cognitivists -- 4. Introspection and intuition -- 5. The appeal to biology -- 6. Fate of "the poverty of the stimulus" -- 6.1 Statistical language learning -- 6.2 Latent semantic analysis -- 6.3 Agent-based modeling -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Part III. Evolutions -- What do we talk about, when we talk about 'universal grammar', and how have we talked about it? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Origin of 'universal grammar' in western language science.

3. The concept of universal grammar in the thirteenth century -- 4. Terms and concepts for universal grammar in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries -- 5. Universal grammar in the twentieth century -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Migrating propositions and the evolution of Generative Grammar -- 1. Traditions, programs, and theories -- 2. Aspects of the base -- 3. The creation of Relational Grammar -- 4. Reformulating Relational Grammar -- 5. The mechanics of proposition migration -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Universalism and human difference in Chomskyan linguistics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The object of study -- 3. Evolutionary theory -- 4. Instant linguistics -- 5. Linguistics and systems theory -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- The evolution of meaning and grammar -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Universal grammar -- 1.2 Causes of language change -- 1.3 Grammaticalization and language change -- 1.4 Universal grammar and pathways of grammaticalization -- 1.5 Evidence from Pidgins, Creoles, and ASL -- 1.6 Grammaticalization in diachronic and synchronic perspective -- 1.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chomsky in search of a pedigree -- 1. "Bitter" -- 2. "Remarks on Nominalization" -- 3. Appointments -- 4. "Gutter" -- 5. "Professor" -- 6. "Cartesian"? -- 7. "Misleading survey" -- 8. Minerva -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- The "linguistics wars" -- 1. The linguistic historiography concerning the generative semantics vs. interpretive semantics debate -- 2. Generative grammar in Italy between the late 1960s and the early 1970s -- 3. Chomsky's two souls": the assessment of the GS vs. EST debate by some Italian linguists during the 1970s -- 4. Conclusion: What lesson can be drawn from the Italian reception of the "linguistic wars? -- References -- Part IV. The past and future directions -- British empiricism and Transformational Grammar.

Introduction -- 1. Chomskyans and British empirical linguistics -- 1.1. Chomsky's answers to Halliday's remarks at the 9th International Congress of Linguists in 1962 -- 1.2 Postal against Halliday -- 1.3 Langendoen, Firth and Robins -- 2. Challenging TG in the 1960s: Quirk and Halliday -- 2.1 Quirk: Eliciting linguistic performance as the source of evidence for theories of language -- 2.2 Halliday : Lexicality vs. grammaticality -- 3. Transformational Grammar and corpora: A current issue? -- 3.1. Transition phase: 1970-80s -- 3.2 Chomsky's arguments on corpora revisited in the 1990s -- 3.3 Chomsky's arguments against corpora -- 3.4 Chomsky, statistics and probabilities -- 3.5 Linguistic creativity, memory and innateness -- 3.6 Intuition, use and corpora -- 3.7 Large amount of data : A scientific status for linguistics ? -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Historiography's contribution to theoretical linguistics -- 1. What changes now that linguists have (re)discovered context? -- 2. From language to languaging -- 3. On constructivism -- 4. A developmental linguistics begins -- 5. What to do next -- References -- Name index -- Subject index -- Index of Noam Chomsky's cited works.