Language Contact -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- References -- Ethnolects as a multidimensional phenomenon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The shift perspective -- 3. The multidimensional perspective -- 4. Dimensions of a definition -- 4.1 Language acquisition -- 4.2 Street language -- 4.3 Mixed language -- 4.4 Ethnolects as transplanted varieties -- 4.5 Ethnolects as compared to these other phenomena -- 4.6 The perspective of the linguistic components involved -- 5. Towards an integrative perspective -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations in glosses -- References -- Applying language technology to detect shift effects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Detecting syntactic differences: Techniques -- 2.1 Tagging -- 2.2 Comparison -- 2.3 Discussion -- 2.4 Previous work -- 3. The Australian English of Finnish emigrants -- 3.1 Linguistic situation of the adult emigrants -- 3.2 Finnish Australian English Corpus (FAEC) -- 4. Differences observed -- 4.1 General effects -- 4.2 Specific syntactic effects -- 5. Language technology offers tools to study language contact -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Generational differences in pronominal usage in Spanish reflecting language and dialect contact in a bilingual setting -- 1. Preliminaries -- 1.1 Subject personal pronouns in Spanish in New York -- 1.2 Grammatical-discourse variables: Person of the verb -- 1.3 Sociodemographic variables: Region and Generation -- 1.4 Separate bivariate analyses -- 1.5 The corpus and the envelope of variation -- 1.6 The overt pronoun rate in the corpus as a whole -- 2. Generational differences -- 2.1 The pronoun rate in newcomers and in the New York raised (NYR) -- 2.2 The overt pronoun rate and the variable Person by Region and Generation -- 2.3 The overt pronoun rate and the other independent variables.

2.4 The overt pronoun rate in the different generations: Summary -- 3. The overt pronoun rate in the different generations: An attempt at explanation -- 3.1 Language contact -- 3.2 Persistence in the second generation -- 3.3 Dialect contact -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Personal pronoun variation in language contact -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Overview of the Estonian personal pronouns -- 2.2 Language contact research -- 3. Estonian pronoun variation and contact: Hypotheses -- 4. Method -- 4.1 Background of the sample -- 4.2 Participants -- 4.3 Procedure -- 5. Analysis -- 6. Results -- 6.1 Total sample -- 6.2 Speaker groups -- 6.3 Comparison of results with Estonian speakers in Estonia -- 6.4 Genitive -- 7. Discussion -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Turkish in the Netherlands -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What kinds of structures? -- 3. Methodology -- 4. Research questions -- 5. Results I: Unconventionality in NL-Turkish -- 6. Results II: Unconventionality in TR-Turkish -- 7. Comparison of unconventional constructions in NL-Turkish and TR-Turkish noun phrases -- 8. Discussion -- References -- The reflection of historical language contact in present-day Dutch and Swedish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical background -- 3. Previous investigations -- 4. Method -- 4.1 Material -- 4.2 Coding -- 5. Results and interpretation -- 5.1 The proportion of inherited words and loanwords -- 5.2 The contribution of different languages and the relation with language contact -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- The impact of German on Schleife Sorbian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sociolinguistic background -- 3. The particle gor -- 3.1 The geographical distribution of gor -- 3.2 The use of gor in Schleife Sorbian: gor in combination with cu(jare) -- 3.3 Gor in the writings of Hanso Nepila (1761-1856) -- 4. Discussion -- References.

Detecting contact effects in pronunciation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background: Bulgarian dialectology -- 3. The data -- 3.1 Sources -- 3.2 Sites -- 3.3 Words and conversion -- 3.4 Contact language material -- 4. Methods -- 4.1 Measuring linguistic distances -- 4.2 Design -- 5. Results -- 5.1 Distances to standard languages -- 5.2 Geographic gradient of contact -- 5.3. Correlation between geographic and linguistic distances -- 6. Conclusions and prospects -- References -- Appendix -- Language contact and phonological contrast -- 1. Ontogeny versus diachrony in contact-induced change -- 2. [ti] and [twi] in Japanese -- 3. Methods -- 3.1 Participants -- 3.2 Materials -- 3.3 Measurements -- 4. Results -- 4.1 The language community -- 4.2 Results: Social factors -- 5. Results: Linguistic factors -- 5.1 Native words -- 5.2 Loan words -- 6. Age revisited: Adult plasticity and phonetic enhancement -- 6.1 A generation gap -- 6.2 Profile of a synchronic borrower -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Translating cultures within the EU -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Euro-enthusiasm vs. Euro-scepticism: The different spirits of the EU -- 3. The corpus and the theoretical framework -- 3.1 Translation theory -- 3.2 Hofstede's cultural dimension -- 4. The main text and the Vox Pop -- 4.1 The main text: The linguistic analysis -- 4.2 The VOX POP: The linguistic analysis -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Dictionaries -- Websites -- Appendix -- Name index -- Subject index -- The series IMPACT: Studies in language and society.