Frequency Synthesizers : Concept to Product.
Title:
Frequency Synthesizers : Concept to Product.
Author:
Chenakin, Alexander.
ISBN:
9781596932319
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (234 pages)
Contents:
Frequency Synthesizers: Concept to Product -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Parameters and Architectures -- 1.1 Frequency Synthesizer Concept -- 1.2 Main Parame -- 1.2.1 Frequency and Timing -- 1.2.2 Spectral Purity -- 1.2.3 RF Output Power -- 1.2.4 Other Parameters -- 1.3 Form Factors and Applications -- 1.4 Control Interfaces -- 1.4.1 Parallel Interface -- 1.4.2 SPI -- 1.4.3 I2C -- 1.4.4 RS-232 -- 1.4.5 USB -- 1.4.6 GPIB -- 1.4.7 VXI -- 1.4.8 PXI -- 1.4.9 LXI -- 1.4.10 AXIe -- 1.5 Main Architectures -- 1.5.1 Direct Analog Synthesizers -- 1.5.2 Direct Digital Synthesizers -- 1.5.3 Indirect Synthesizers -- References -- 2 Building Blocks -- 2.1 Oscillators -- 2.1.1 Phase Noise in Microwave Oscillators -- 2.1.2 Resonators -- 2.1.3 Coupling -- 2.1.4 Active Devices -- 2.1.5 Noise Reduction Techniques -- 2.2 Frequency Multipliers -- 2.2.1 Frequency Multiplication -- 2.2.2 Single-Diode Multipliers -- 2.2.3 Balanced Diode Multipliers -- 2.2.4 Antiparallel Diode Multiplier -- 2.2.5 Digital Logic Multipliers -- 2.2.6 Step-Recovery-Diode Multipliers -- 2.2.7 Varactor Multipliers -- 2.2.8 Transistor Multipliers -- 2.3 Frequency Dividers -- 2.3.1 Digital Dividers -- 2.3.2 Analog Dividers -- 2.4 Frequency Mixers -- 2.4.1 Frequency Mixing -- 2.4.2 Harmonic Mixers -- 2.4.3 Image-Reject Mixers -- 2.4.4 IQ-Modulators -- 2.5 Phase Detectors -- 2.5.1 Balanced Mixer -- 2.5.2 Sampling Mixer -- 2.5.3 Exclusive-OR Gate -- 2.5.4 Flip-Flop -- 2.5.5 Phase-Frequency Detector -- 2.5.6 Integrated PLL Components -- References -- 3 Synthesizer Construction -- 3.1 Transmission Lines and Distributed Elements -- 3.1.1 Transmission Line Basics -- 3.1.2 Transmission Line Types -- 3.1.3 Microwave Materials -- 3.1.4 Discontinuity Effects -- 3.1.5 Coupling -- 3.1.6 Distributed and Lumped Elements -- 3.2 Chip-and-Wire Approach -- 3.3 Printed Circuit Board -- 3.4 Packaging.
3.4.1 Electrical Interface -- 3.4.2 Environmental Protection -- 3.4.3 Shielding -- 3.4.4 Mounting and Heat Sinking -- References -- 4 Design Process -- 4.1 Specifications -- 4.2 Block Diagram -- 4.3 Schematic -- 4.4 Board Layout -- 4.5 Assembly -- 4.6 Mechanical Design -- 4.7 Control Software -- 4.8 Troubleshooting -- 4.9 Testing -- 4.10 Documentation -- References -- 5 Improving Performance -- 5.1 Performance Trade-Offs -- 5.2 Fractional-N -- 5.3 Using a DDS -- 5.4 Frequency Offset Schemes -- 5.5 Multiloop Architectures -- 5.6 Frequency Acquisition -- 5.7 Lock Monitoring -- 5.8 Fast-Switching Designs -- 5.9 VCO or YIG? -- 5.10 Reference Generation and Distribution -- 5.11 Filtering Harmonics -- 5.12 Frequency Extension -- References -- 6 Advanced Functions -- 6.1 Frequency Stability and Synchronization -- 6.2 Frequency Control -- 6.2.1 Blanking -- 6.2.2 Frequency Sweep -- 6.2.3 List Mode -- 6.3 Output Power Control -- 6.3.1 Open-Loop Control -- 6.3.2 Closed-Loop Control -- 6.3.3 Power Equalizer -- 6.3.4 Power Sweep -- 6.3.5 Power Mute -- 6.4 Modulation -- 6.4.1 Pulse Modulation -- 6.4.2 Amplitude Modulation -- 6.4.3 Frequency and Phase Modulation -- 6.4.4 Complex Modulation -- References -- About the Author -- Index.
Abstract:
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies from a single fixed oscillator. They are found in modern devices like radio receivers, mobile phones, and GPS systems. This comprehensive resource offers RF and microwave engineers a thorough overview of both well-established and recently developed frequency synthesizer design techniques. Professionals find expert guidance on all design aspects, including main architectures, key building blocks, and practical circuit implementation. Engineers learn the development process and gain a solid understanding of how to build a synthesizer from a basic diagram to the final product.Starting with a simple single-loop PLL example, the book progressively examines various alternatives -- fractional-N, DDS, frequency offset, multiloop and more - to achieve required performance objectives. This unique volume gathers a collection of block diagrams, clever circuits, design recipes, and other hard-to-find information that is usually treated as "design secrets". Written in a simple yet rigorous style with numerous illustrations, the book is an all-in-one reference for both beginner and experienced designers.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Genre:
Electronic Access:
Click to View