Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- PART ONE TARGUMIC PORTRAYALS OF BIBLICAL FIGURES -- I. Shem, Melchizedek, and Concern with Christianity in the Pentateuchal Targumim -- II. Abraham as Proselytizer at Beer-sheba in the Targums of the Pentateuch -- III. Balaam's Prophecies as Interpreted by Philo and the Aramaic Targums of the Pentateuch -- IV. The Figure of Adam in Pseudo-Philo's Biblical Antiquities -- V. The Sacrifice of Isaac and Jewish Polemic against Christianity -- VI. A Portrait of the Wicked Esau in the Targum of Codex Neofiti 1 -- PART TWO DATING TARGUM PSEUDO-JONATHAN -- VII. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and Anti-Islamic Polemic -- VIII. The Date of Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Some Comments -- IX. Jacob's Second Visit to Bethel in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan -- X. Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer and Targum Pseudo-Jonathan -- XI. Inconsistencies and Contradictions in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: The Case of Eliezer and Nimrod -- XII. Red Heifer and Golden Calf: Dating Targum Pseudo-Jonathan -- XIII. The Priestly Blessing in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan -- PART THREE SAINT JEROME AND JEWISH TRADITION -- XIV. Jewish Traditions in Jerome's Commentary on Jeremiah and the Targum of Jeremiah -- XV. Saint Jerome and the Aramaic Targumim -- XVI. Some Observations on St. Jerome's Hebrew Questions on Genesis and the Rabbinic Tradition -- PART FOUR TARGUM AND TEMPLE -- XVII. Sirach and Wisdom's Dwelling Place -- XVIII. Food, the Animals, and Human Dignity. Jewish Perceptions in a Targumic Context -- XIX. Melchizedek as Priest of the Jerusalem Temple in Talmud, Midrash, and Targum -- Index of Modern Authors -- Index of Scriptural, Rabbinic, and Patristic References.