Acknowledgments -- List of illustrations -- Introduction (Robert Stein) -- Chapter One The Dynamics of National Identity in the Later Middle Ages (Peter Hoppenbrouwers) -- Chapter Two An Urban Network in the Low Countries. A Cultural Approach (Robert Stein) -- Chapter Three The Imagined Community of Friesland in the Late Middle Ages (Justine Smithuis) -- Chapter Four The Functions of the Late Medieval Brabantine Legend of Brabon (Sjoerd Bijker) -- Chapter Five Against Burgundy. The Appeal of Germany in the Duchy of Guelders (Aart Noordzij) -- Chapter Six The Habsburg Theatre State. Court, City and the Performance of Identity in the Early Modern Southern Low Countries (Anne-Laure Van Bruaene) -- Chapter Seven War and Identity in the Habsburg Netherlands, 1477-1559 (Steven Gunn) -- Chapter Eight War Propaganda, Literature and National Identity in Renaissance France, c. 1490-1560 (David Potter) -- Chapter Nine The City Defeated and Defended. Civism as Political Identity in the Habsburg-Burgundian Netherlands (Peter Arnade) -- Chapter Ten In defence of the Common Fatherland. Patriotism and Liberty in the Low Countries, 1555-1576 (Alastair Duke) -- Chapter Eleven No Man's Land. Reinventing Netherlandish Identities, 1585-1621 (Judith Pollmann) -- Chapter Twelve 'Lands' and 'Fatherlands'. Changes in the Plurality of Allegiances in the Sixteenth Century Holy Roman Empire (Robert von Friedeburg) -- Index.