Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1.Morphology -- Egg and embryo -- Juvenile stages J2-J4 -- Male adult -- Female adult and cyst -- Dimensions for morphological identification -- 2. Biology and evolution -- Life cycle -- Symptoms of infection -- Cytogenetics and reproduction -- Origin and phylogeny -- Co-evolution with plants -- Biogeography -- Pathotypes -- 3. Methods for applying electron microscopy -- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) -- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -- 4. Methods of biochemical and molecular diagnostics -- Protein-based diagnostics -- DNA-based diagnostics -- 5. Systematics of the Heteroderinae -- Taxonomic history -- Classification -- Diagnosis of the subfamily Heteroderinae -- Identification key to genera of Heteroderinae -- Species delimitation -- 6. Systematics of the genus Globodera -- History -- Diagnosis -- Morphological identification -- Key to species of the genus Globodera -- Molecular identification -- Species descriptions -- 1. Globodera rostochiensis -- 2. Globodera artemisiae -- 3. Globodera bravoae -- 4. Globodera leptonepia -- 5. Globodera mali -- 6. Globodera mexicana sp. n -- 7. Globodera millefolii -- 8. Globodera pallida -- 9. Globodera tabacum -- 10. Globodera zelandica -- Undescribed Globodera species -- 7. Systematics of the genus Punctodera -- History -- Diagnosis -- Key to species of the genus Punctodera -- Species descriptions -- 1. Punctodera punctata -- 2. Punctodera chalcoensis -- 3. Punctodera matadorensis -- 4. Punctodera stonei -- 8. Systematics of the genus Cactodera -- History -- Diagnosis -- Key to species of the genus Cactodera -- Molecular identification -- Species descriptions -- 1. Cactodera cacti -- 2. Cactodera acnidae -- 3. Cactodera amaranthi -- 4. Cactodera eremica -- 5. Cactodera estonica -- 6. Cactodera evansi -- 7. Cactodera galinsogae.

8. Cactodera milleri -- 9. Cactodera radicale -- 10. Cactodera rosae -- 11. Cactodera salina -- 12. Cactodera thornei -- 13. Cactodera weissi -- 9. Systematics of the genus Dolichodera -- History -- Diagnosis -- Species description -- Dolichodera fluvialis -- 10. Systematics of the genus Betulodera -- History -- Diagnosis -- Species description -- Betulodera betulae -- 11. Systematics of the genus Paradolichodera -- History -- Diagnosis -- Species description -- Paradolichodera tenuissima -- Appendix I -- Appendix II -- Appendix III -- Appendix IV -- References -- Index of nematode Latin names -- Index of plant-host Latin names -- Index of country names -- Index of plant common names.