Cover image for Radiation and Particle Detectors.
Radiation and Particle Detectors.
Title:
Radiation and Particle Detectors.
Author:
Bertolucci, S.
ISBN:
9781607506317
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (202 pages)
Series:
International School of Physics Enrico Fermi ; v.v. 175

International School of Physics Enrico Fermi
Contents:
Title page -- Preface -- Indice -- Gruppo fotografico dei partecipanti al Corso -- Detectors for medical physics -- Detectors for hadrontherapy -- Introduction -- Irradiation configuration -- Absolute dose determination: beam calibration -- Depth dose distribution -- Lateral dose distribution -- Detectors for relative dosimetry -- Depth dose reference detectors -- Reference detectors for transversal dose -- Relative detectors -- Natural and CVD diamond -- Termoluminescence detectors (TLD) -- MOSFET dosimetry -- MOPI -- Conclusions -- Detection setups in applications of accelerator-based techniques to the analysis of Cultural Heritage -- Introduction: Why Science for Cultural Heritage? -- Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) -- Quantitative PIXE -- PIXE external beam setups -- External scanning microbeams -- Measurement of beam current -- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) -- The art of calorimetry -- Introduction -- The physics of shower development -- Electromagnetic showers -- Hadronic showers -- Lessons for calorimetry -- The calorimeter response function -- Absolute response and response ratios -- Compensation -- Fluctuations -- The shape of the response function -- Lessons for calorimeter design -- The future of calorimetry -- The energy flow method -- Off-line compensation -- Dual-readout calorimetry -- The DREAM project -- Measurement of the neutron fraction -- Dual-readout with crystals -- Lead tungstate crystals -- Doped PbWO4 crystals -- BGO crystals -- Combined calorimetry -- Outlook -- The CMS detector -- Introduction -- The CMS detector -- Precise mapping of the central CMS magnetic field using probes -- Precise mapping of the CMS magnetic field in the yoke using cosmic muons -- Other commissioning results with cosmic muons from CRAFT -- First CMS physics measurement with cosmic muons -- Observation of the first beam-induced muons.

Prospects for first physics with collisions -- Summary and conclusion -- A gravitational wave detector: The Virgo interferometer -- Gravitational waves (GWs) -- First evidence -- Sources of gravitational waves -- Compact binaries -- Supernovae -- Pulsar -- Stochastic background -- Using gravitational waves to study the universe -- The Virgo experiment -- The Virgo project -- Gravitational-waves strength and polarization -- The Michelson interferometer -- Sensitivity requirement -- Ground vibrations -- Superattenuator -- The laser -- The amplifier and Pre-Mode Cleaner -- Electro-optic modulators -- Beam geometry fluctuations -- Input Mode Cleaner cavity -- Frequency noise -- The Faraday isolator -- Residual gas -- The mirrors -- The coatings -- Thermal noise -- Thermal lensing compensation -- Shot noise -- Optical scheme -- Controls -- Other gravitational waves detectors -- Resonant-mass detectors -- The LIGO detectors -- The GEO detector -- Space interferometers -- Pulsar timing -- Performances of gravitational waves detectors -- Resonant-mass detectors -- Horizon -- Duty cycle -- Future challenges -- Future of ground-based interferometers -- Advanced Virgo -- Some limitations -- Future beams -- Quantum noise -- Gravity gradient noise -- Einstein Telescope -- Conclusion -- Underwater/ice high-energy neutrino telescopes -- The Cosmic-Ray spectrum -- The high-energy gamma-neutrino connection -- High-energy neutrino detection -- Underwater/ice Cerenkov technique -- Sources of background -- Status of neutrino telescope projects -- Baikal -- AMANDA -- IceCube -- NESTOR -- ANTARES -- NEMO -- KM3NeT: towards a km3 scale detector in the Mediterranean Sea -- Ultra High Energy neutrino detection -- The thermo-acoustic technique -- Conclusions -- Elenco dei partecipanti.
Abstract:
High energy physics (HEP) has a crucial role in the context of fundamental physics. HEP experiments make use of a massive array of sophisticated detectors to analyze the particles produced in high-energy scattering events. This book contains the papers from the workshop 'Radiation and Particle Detectors', organized by the International School of Physics, and held in Varenna in July 2009. Its subject is the use of detectors for research in fundamental physics, astro-particle physics and applied physics. Subjects covered include the measurement of: the position and length of ionization trails, time of flight velocity, radius of curvature after bending the paths of charged particles with magnetic fields, coherent transition radiation, synchrotron radiation, synchrotron radiation, electro-magnetic showers produced by calorimetric methods and nuclear cascades produced by hadrons in massive steel detectors using calorimetry. Detecting muons and the detection of Cherenkov radiation are also covered, as is the detection of neutrinos by steps in the decay schemes which are 'not there'. All these methods of detection are used in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).The international community of physicists hopes that the LHC will help to answer many of the most fundamental questions in physics. This book will be of interest to all those concerned in this quest.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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