Chemical Synthetic Biology -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- Part One: Nucleic Acids -- 1: Searching for Nucleic Acid Alternatives -- 2: Never-Born RNAs : Versatile Modules for Chemical Synthetic Biology -- 3: Synthetic Biology, Tinkering Biology, and Artificial Biology: A Perspective from Chemistry -- 4: Peptide Nucleic Acids ( PNAs) as a Tool in Chemical Biology -- Part Two: Peptides and Proteins -- 5: High Solubility of Random-Sequence Proteins Consisting of Five Kinds of Primitive Amino Acids -- 6: Experimental Approach for Early Evolution of Protein Function -- 7: Searching for de novo Totally Random Amino Acid Sequences -- Part Three: Complex Systems -- 8: Synthetic Genetic Codes as the Basis of Synthetic Life -- 9: Toward Safe Genetically Modified Organisms through the Chemical Diversification of Nucleic Acids -- 10: The Minimal Ribosome -- 11: Semi-Synthetic Minimal Living Cells -- Part Four: General Problems -- 12: Replicators: Components for Systems Chemistry -- 13: Dealing with the Outer Reaches of Synthetic Biology Biosafety, Biosecurity, IPR, and Ethical Challenges of Chemical Synthetic Biology -- 14: The Synthetic Approach in Biology: Epistemological Notes for Synthetic Biology -- Index -- Color Plates.