Foreword (M. Cherif Bassiouni) -- Preface (Michael Bohlander, Roman Boed and RichardJ Wilson) -- About the Authors (Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview) -- Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview (Michael Bohlander) -- Chapter 2: Procedural Safeguards for the Defense in International Human Rights Law (RichardJ Wilson) -- 2.1. Introduction and Overview -- 2.2. "Legal Assistance" in International Human Rights Law -- 2.2.1. "Legal Assistance" and Representation by a Non-Lawyer -- 2.2.2. Advice and Assistance Through Other State Entities and NGOs -- 2.2.3. Representation by Apprentices in Pupilage, Mandatory Service Programs as a Condition of Bar Admission or Students in a Law School Clinical Program -- 2.2.4. No Structural Requirements for Defense Services -- 2.3. The Right to Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Generally -- 2.3.1. "Minimum Guarantees" -- 2.3.2. The Principle of Access to a Court -- 2.3.3. The Principle of Equality of Arms -- 2.3.4. The Principle of the Presumption of Innocence -- 2.3.5. Scope of the Right to Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters: Duration of Representation and Types of Cases Requiring Assignment -- 2.3.6. Counsel of Choice, Number of Counsel, Unwanted Counsel and Harassment of Counsel -- 2.3.7. "Free" Counsel, Costs and Recovery of Costs of Counsel in Criminal Proceedings -- 2.3.8. The Right to Effective Assistance of Counsel -- 2.4. Pre-Trial Rights to Counsel -- 2.4.1. Notice of the Right to Counsel and Legal Assistance -- 2.4.2. Early Access to Counsel for Detained Persons -- 2.4.3. Adequate Time to Prepare -- 2.4.4. Adequate Facilities -- 2.4.5. Confidential Communication With Counsel -- 2.5. The Right to Counsel at Trial -- 2.5.1. The Right to Oral Proceedings -- 2.5.2. The Right of the Accused to Effective Participation in the Trial -- 2.6. Counsel on Appeal.

2.7. Special Situations for Legal Assistance Under International Human Rights Law -- 2.7.1. Juvenile Matters -- 2.7.2. Capital Cases -- 2.7.3. Trial by Military Courts -- 2.7.4. Suspension of the Right to Legal Assistance During National Emergencies -- 2.8. Bibliography: Books and Articles Not Otherwise Referenced (Chapter 3: A History of the Role of Defense Counsel in International Criminal and War Crimes Tribunals) -- Chapter 3: A History of the Role of Defense Counsel in International Criminal and War Crimes Tribunals (RichardJ Wilson) -- 3.1. Introduction and Framework -- 3.2. International Criminal Defense Before Nuremberg -- 3.3. The Scope of the Right to Assigned Counsel in the United States and Europe at the End of World War II -- 3.4. Defense at the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Criminal Tribunals -- 3.4.1. The Nuremberg IMT: Structures for Defense Services -- 3.4.2. The Tokyo IMTFE: Defense Structures -- 3.4.3. Structural and Procedural Limitations on the Defense at Nuremberg and Tokyo -- 3.4.4. Profile: Otto Kranzbuhler, Defense Counsel for Admiral Karl Doenitz Before the Nuremberg IMT -- 3.5. Defense in Post-World War II War Crimes Trials -- 3.5.1. The Subsequent International Trials of Nuremberg and Tokyo -- 3.5.2. Profile: A. Frank Reel, Defense Counsel Team Member for General Tomoyuki Yamashita at Trial Before a U.S. Military Commission, Luzon, Philippines: 1945 -- 3.5.3. Post-War Efforts to Create an International Criminal Tribunal -- 3.6. Domestic Trials for International and War Crimes -- 3.6.1. Profile: Robert Servatius, Defense Counsel for Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem, 1961-62 -- 3.6.2. Other National Trials for International Crimes Since World War II -- 3.6.3. Profile: Jacques Verges, Defense Counsel for Klaus Barbie in French Domestic Court, 1987 (Chapter 4: ICTY) -- Chapter 4: ICTV -- 4.1. Right to Counsel.

4.2. Assignment of Counsel (Monica Martinez and Michael Bohlander) -- 4.2.1. Introduction -- 4.2.2. Legal Framework of the IClY Legal Aid System -- 4.2.2.1. IClY Statute -- 4.2.2.2. IClY Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 4.2.2.3. IClY Directive on Assignment of Defense Counsel -- 4.2.3. IClY Case Law and Practice -- 4.2.3.1. The Chambers -- 4.2.3.1.1. Article 21 of the Statute-Assignment of Counsel-the Accused's Right to Defend Himself -- 4.2.3.1.2. The Accused's Right to Choose Counsel -- 4.2.3.1.3. Article 16 of the Directive-Accused's Right to Have a Second Counsel ("Co-Counsel") Assigned -- 4.2.3.1.4. Article 11 of the Directive-Registrar's Refusal to Assign Counsel After Review of Accused's Indigent Status -- 4.2.3.2. The ICTY President -- 4.2.3.2.1. Rule 44B of the Rules-Procedure to Follow Regarding Assignment of Counsel-The Discretion of the Registrar in Defining the Bounds of the "Interests of Justice" Exception -- 4.2.4. Commentary -- 4.2.4.1. Qualifications of Assigned Counsel-Article 14 of the Directive -- 4.2.4.2. The So-Called Rule 45 List -- 4.2.4.2.1. Admission to the Practice of Law or University Professor of Law -- 4.2.4.2.2. The Language Requirement -- 4.2.4.2.3. Established Competence in Criminal Law and/or International Criminal Law/International Humanitarian Law/International Human Rights Law -- 4.2.4.2.4. Disciplinary and Criminal Record -- 4.2.4.2.5. Counsel's Availability -- 4.2.4.2.6. ADC Membership in Good Standing -- 4.2.4.3. Removal From the Rule 45 and Duty Counsel Lists -- 4.2.4.4. Procedure for Assignment of Counsel -- 4.2.4.4.1. Right to Assigned Counsel -- 4.2.4.4.2. Right to Choose Counsel -- 4.2.4.4.3. Initial Assignment -- 4.2.4.4.4. Remedy Against the Registrar's Decision -- 4.2.4.4.5. Scope ofAssignment -- 4.3. Professional Ethics -- 4.3.1. Introduction -- 4.3.2. Legal Framework.

4.3.2.1. Rule 46 of the Rules (Misconduct) -- 4.3.2.2. Rule 77 of the Rules (Contempt of Court) -- 4.3.2.3. The ICTY Code -- 4.3.3. ICTY Case Law and Practice -- 4.3.3.1. The Chambers -- 4.3.3.1.1. Rule 46 of the Rules -- 4.3.3.1.1.1. Warning Counsel About Possible Refusal of Audience and Consequential Withdrawal -- 4.3.3.1.1.2. Refusal of Audience to Pro Bono Counsel Not Fit to Appear Before the Tribunal -- 4.3.3.1.2. Rule 77 of the Rules -- 4.3.3.2. The Code -- 4.3.3.2.1. The Chambers -- 4.3.3.2.1.1. Article 14 of the Code-Conflict of Interest -- 4.3.3.2.2. The Disciplinary Panel -- 4.3.4. Commentary -- 4.3.4.1. Rule 46 of the Rules -- 4.3.4.2. Rule 77 of the Rules -- 4.3.4.3. The Code -- 4.4. Communications With a Client in Custody -- 4.4.1. Introduction -- 4.4.2. IClY Applicable Rules -- 4.4.2.1. The Rules -- 4.4.2.2. The Rules of Detention -- 4.4.2.3. The U.N. Detention Unit Regulations to Govern the Supervision of Visits to and Communication With Detainees -- 4.4.2.3.1. Correspondence -- 4.4.2.3.2. Telephone Conversations -- 4.4.2.3.3. Visits -- 4.4.2.4. The Code -- 4.4.3. IClY Practice -- 4.4.3.1. Scope of Attorney-Client Privilege -- 4.4.3.2. Justification and Purpose of the Privilege -- 4.4.3.3. Limits to the Privilege -- 4.4.3.4. Telephone Communications in Particular (Chapter 5: ICTR) -- Chapter 5: ICTR -- 5.1. Right to Counsel Under the Statute and the Rules -- 5.1.1. Introduction -- 5.1.2. Statutes, Rules and Official Legal Documents -- 5.1.2.1. Statute -- 5.1.2.2. Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.2.3. Rules Covering the Detention of Persons Awaiting Trial or Appeal -- 5.1.2.4. Directive on the Assignment of Defense Counsel -- 5.1.3. Case Law and Practice -- 5.1.3.1. Article 17 (3) of the Statute -- 5.1.3.2. Article 20(4) of the Statute -- 5.1.3.3. Rule 40 bis of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.

5.1.3.4. Rule 42 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.5. Rule 44 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.6. Rule 44 bis of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.7. Rule 45 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.8. Rule 62 (A) (i) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.9. Rule 63 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.10. Rule 82 bis of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.11. Rule 107 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.1.3.12. Rule 10 of the Rules Covering the Detention of Persons Awaiting Trial or Appeal -- 5.1.3.13. Rule 65 of the Rules Covering the Detention of Persons Awaiting Trial or Appeal -- 5.1.3.14. Article 2 of the Directive on the Assignment of Defense Counsel -- 5.1.3.15. Article 13 of the Directive on the Assignment of Defense Counsel -- 5.1.3.16. Article 14 of the Directive on the Assignment of Defense Counsel -- 5.1.4. Materials -- 5.1.5. Commentary -- 5.2. Assignment of Counsel -- 5.2.1. Introduction -- 5.2.2. Statute, Rules and Official Legal Documents -- 5.2.2.1. Statute -- 5.2.2.2. Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.2.2.3. Directive on the Assignment of Defense Counsel -- 5.2.2.4. Administrative Directives -- 5.2.2.4.1. Guidelines for the Remuneration of Counsel Appearing Before the ICTR (Arusha, September 1, 1998) -- 5.2.2.4.2. Guidelines for Settlement of Defense Accounts -- 5.2.2.4.3. Information Circular No.1 of November 18, 1998 -- 5.2.2.4.4. Information Circular No.2 on Assignment of Counsel of November 22,1999 -- 5.2.3. Case Law and Practice -- 5.2.3.1. Rules 44 and 45 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence -- 5.2.3.2. Rule 45 ter (A) -- 5.2.3.3. Rule 45 quater -- 5.2.3.4. Article 4 of the Directive -- 5.2.3.5. Article 5-8 of the Directive -- 5.2.3.6. Article 9 of the Directive -- 5.2.3.7. Article 10 of the Directive.

5.2.3.8. Article 10 bis of the Directive.