Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Language in Society/Society in Language -- Language v. dialect -- Language and dialect in Papua New Guinea -- Language and dialect in Europe -- English: language and dialect -- Accent v. dialect -- Register and style -- Speech communities and communicative competence -- Language, society, and reality: different words, different worlds? -- Chapter 2 Language Choice -- Societal multilingualism -- Domains -- Diglossia -- Language shift and death -- Code-switching -- Chapter 3 Sociolinguistic Patterns -- Language and social class -- Style -- Language and style -- Gender -- Language and age -- Language and social network -- Standardization -- Standardization and its effects in Papua New Guinea -- Chapter 4 Language and Gender -- Sex and gender -- Man-made language? -- Learning to talk like a lady -- Gossip v. shop talk -- Language reform: a msguided attempt to change herstory? -- Chapter 5 Language Change in Social Perspective -- Dialectology and language change -- The relationship between variation and change -- Using the present to explain the past and the past to explain the present -- Change in real v. apparent time -- Language change and social ideology -- Chapter 6 Pidgin and Creole Languages -- Distribution -- Origins and structure -- The creole continuum -- Pidgins and creoles in social context -- Chapter 7 Linguistic Problems as Societal Problems -- Language and educational failure -- Difference v. deficit -- Language differences in the classroom -- Testing: who decides what is right? -- Taking appropriate action -- One flag - one nation? -- Bilingual education: maintenance or assimilation? -- Immersion or submersion -- Semilingualism: a new deficit theory -- Chapter 8 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H.

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