INDOOR RADIO PLANNING: A Practical Guide for GSM, DCS, UMTS, HSPA and LTE -- Contents -- Foreword by Professor Simon Saunders -- Preface to the Second Edition -- This is Still Not a Book for Scientists! -- The Practical Approach -- Keep the Originals! -- Preface to the First Edition -- This is Not a Book for Scientists -- The Practical Approach -- Acknowledgments -- Second Edition -- First Edition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Cellular Systems -- 2.1 Mobile Telephony -- 2.1.1 Cellular Systems -- 2.1.2 Radio Transmission in General -- 2.1.3 The Cellular Concept -- 2.1.4 Digital Cellular Systems -- 2.2 Introduction to GSM -- 2.2.1 GSM -- 2.2.2 GSM Radio Features -- 2.2.3 Mobility Management in GSM -- 2.2.4 GSM Signaling -- 2.2.5 GSM Network Architecture -- 2.3 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System -- 2.3.1 The Most Important UMTS Radio Design Parameters -- 2.3.2 The UMTS Radio Features -- 2.3.3 UMTS Noise Control -- 2.3.4 UMTS Handovers -- 2.3.5 UMTS Power Control -- 2.3.6 UMTS and Multipath Propagation -- 2.3.7 UMTS Signaling -- 2.3.8 The UMTS Network Elements -- 2.4 Introduction to HSPA -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Wi-Fi -- 2.4.3 Introduction to HSDPA -- 2.4.4 Indoor HSPA Coverage -- 2.4.5 Indoor HSPA Planning for Maximum Performance -- 2.4.6 HSDPA Coverage from the Macro Network -- 2.4.7 Passive DAS and HSPA -- 2.4.8 Short Introduction to HSPA+ -- 2.4.9 Conclusion -- 2.5 Modulation -- 2.5.1 Shannon's Formula -- 2.5.2 BPSK -- 2.5.3 QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying -- 2.5.4 Higher Order Modulation 16-64QAM -- 2.5.5 EVM Error Vector Magnitude -- 2.5.6 Adaptive Modulation, Planning for Highest Data Speed -- 2.6 Advanced Antenna Systems for HSPA+ and LTE -- 2.6.1 SISO/MIMO Systems -- 2.6.2 SISO, Single Input Single Output -- 2.6.3 SIMO, Single Input Multiple Output -- 2.6.4 MISO, Multiple Inputs Single Output.

2.6.5 MIMO, Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs -- 2.6.6 Planning for Optimum Data Speeds Using MIMO -- 2.7 Short Introduction to LTE -- 2.7.1 Motivation behind LTE and E-UTRAN -- 2.7.2 Key Features of LTE E-UTRAN -- 2.7.3 System Architecture Evolution - SAE -- 2.7.4 EPS - Evolved Packet System -- 2.7.5 Evolved Packet Core Network - EPC -- 2.7.6 LTE Reference Points/Interfaces -- 2.7.7 The LTE RF Channel Bandwidth -- 2.7.8 OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing -- 2.7.9 OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access -- 2.7.10 SC-FDMA - Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access -- 2.7.11 LTE Slot Structure -- 2.7.12 User Scheduling -- 2.7.13 Downlink Reference Signals -- 2.7.14 The LTE Channel -- 2.7.15 LTE Communication and Control Channels -- 2.7.16 Radio Recourse Management in LTE -- 3 Indoor Radio Planning -- 3.1 Why is In-building Coverage Important? -- 3.1.1 Commercial and Technical Evaluation -- 3.1.2 The Main Part of the Mobile Traffic is Indoors -- 3.1.3 Some 70-80% of Mobile Traffic is Inside Buildings -- 3.1.4 Indoor Solutions Can Make a Great Business Case -- 3.1.5 Business Evaluation -- 3.1.6 Coverage Levels/Cost Level -- 3.1.7 Evaluate the Value of the Proposed Solution -- 3.2 Indoor Coverage from the Macro Layer -- 3.2.1 More Revenue with Indoor Solutions -- 3.2.2 The Problem Reaching Indoor Mobile Users -- 3.3 The Indoor UMTS/HSPA Challenge -- 3.3.1 UMTS Orthogonality Degradation -- 3.3.2 Power Load per User -- 3.3.3 Interference Control in the Building -- 3.3.4 The Soft Handover Load -- 3.3.5 UMTS/HSPA Indoor Coverage Conclusion -- 3.4 Common UMTS Rollout Mistakes -- 3.4.1 The Macro Mistake -- 3.4.2 Do Not Apply GSM Strategies -- 3.4.3 The Correct Way to Plan UMTS/HSPA Indoor Coverage -- 3.5 The Basics of Indoor RF Planning -- 3.5.1 Isolation is the Key -- 3.5.2 Tinted Windows Will Help Isolation.

3.5.3 The 'High-rise Problem' -- 3.5.4 Radio Service Quality -- 3.5.5 Indoor RF Design Levels -- 3.5.6 The Zone Planning Concept -- 4 Distributed Antenna Systems -- 4.1 What Type of Distributed Antenna System is Best? -- 4.1.1 Passive or Active DAS -- 4.1.2 Learn to Use all the Indoor Tools -- 4.1.3 Combine the Tools -- 4.2 Passive Components -- 4.2.1 General -- 4.2.2 Coax Cable -- 4.2.3 Splitters -- 4.2.4 Taps/Uneven Splitters -- 4.2.5 Attenuators -- 4.2.6 Dummy Loads or Terminators -- 4.2.7 Circulators -- 4.2.8 A 3 dB Coupler (90º Hybrid) -- 4.2.9 Power Load on Passive Components -- 4.2.10 Filters -- 4.3 The Passive DAS -- 4.3.1 Planning the Passive DAS -- 4.3.2 Main Points About Passive DAS -- 4.3.3 Applications for Passive DAS -- 4.4 Active DAS -- 4.4.1 Easy to Plan -- 4.4.2 Pure Active DAS for Large Buildings -- 4.4.3 Pure Active DAS for Small to Medium-size Buildings -- 4.4.4 Active Fiber DAS -- 4.5 Hybrid Active DAS Solutions -- 4.5.1 Data Performance on the Uplink -- 4.5.2 DL Antenna Power -- 4.5.3 Antenna Supervision -- 4.5.4 Installation Challenges -- 4.5.5 The Elements of the Hybrid Active DAS -- 4.6 Other Hybrid DAS Solutions -- 4.6.1 In-line BDA Solution -- 4.6.2 Combining Passive and Active Indoor DAS -- 4.6.3 Combining Indoor and Outdoor Coverage -- 4.7 Indoor DAS for MIMO Applications -- 4.7.1 Calculating the Ideal MIMO Antenna Distance Separation for Indoor DAS -- 4.7.2 Make Both MIMO Antennas 'Visible' for the Users -- 4.7.3 Passive DAS and MIMO -- 4.7.4 Pure Active DAS for MIMO -- 4.7.5 Hybrid DAS and MIMO -- 4.7.6 Upgrading Existing DAS to MIMO -- 4.8 Using Repeaters for Indoor DAS Coverage -- 4.8.1 Basic Repeater Terms -- 4.8.2 Repeater Types -- 4.8.3 Repeater Considerations in General -- 4.9 Repeaters for Rail Solutions -- 4.9.1 Repeater Principle on a Train -- 4.9.2 Onboard DAS Solutions.

4.9.3 Repeater Features for Mobile Rail Deployment -- 4.9.4 Practical Concerns with Repeaters on Rail -- 4.10 Designing with Pico and Femtocells -- 4.10.1 What is a Femtocell? -- 4.10.2 Types of Femtocells -- 4.10.3 The Pico/Femtocell Principle -- 4.10.4 Typical Pico Cell Design -- 4.10.5 Extending Pico Cell Coverage with Active DAS -- 4.10.6 Combining Pico Cells into the Same DAS, only GSM/DCS -- 4.10.7 Cost Savings When Combining Capacity of GSM Pico Cells -- 4.11 Active DAS Data -- 4.11.1 Gain and Delay -- 4.11.2 Power Per Carrier -- 4.11.3 Bandwidth, Ripple -- 4.11.4 The 1 dB Compression Point -- 4.11.5 IP3 Third-order Intercept Point -- 4.11.6 Harmonic Distortion, Inter-modulation -- 4.11.7 Spurious Emissions -- 4.11.8 Noise Figure -- 4.11.9 MTBF -- 4.11.10 Dynamic Range and Near-far Effect -- 4.12 Electromagnetic Radiation, EMR -- 4.12.1 ICNIRP EMR Guidelines -- 4.12.2 Mobiles are the Strongest Source of EMR -- 4.12.3 Indoor DAS will Provide Lower EMR Levels -- 4.13 Conclusion -- 5 Designing Indoor DAS Solutions -- 5.1 The Indoor Planning Procedure -- 5.1.1 Indoor Planning Process Flow -- 5.1.2 The RF Planning Part of the Process -- 5.1.3 The Site Survey -- 5.1.4 Time Frame for Implementing Indoor DAS -- 5.1.5 Post Implementation -- 5.2 The RF Design Process -- 5.2.1 The Role of the RF Planner -- 5.2.2 RF Measurements -- 5.2.3 The Initial RF Measurements -- 5.2.4 Measurements of Existing Coverage Level -- 5.2.5 RF Survey Measurement -- 5.2.6 Planning the Measurements -- 5.2.7 Post Implementation Measurements -- 5.2.8 Free Space Loss -- 5.2.9 The One Meter Test -- 5.3 Designing the Optimum Indoor Solution -- 5.3.1 Adapt the Design to Reality -- 5.3.2 Learn from the Mistakes of Others -- 5.3.3 Common Mistakes When Designing Indoor Solutions -- 5.3.4 Planning the Antenna Locations -- 5.3.5 The 'Corridor Effect'.

5.3.6 Fire Cells Inside the Building -- 5.3.7 Indoor Antenna Performance -- 5.3.8 The 'Corner Office Problem' -- 5.3.9 Interleaving Antennas In-between Floors -- 5.3.10 Planning for Full Indoor Coverage -- 5.3.11 The Cost of Indoor Design Levels -- 5.4 Indoor Design Strategy -- 5.4.1 Hot-spot Planning Inside Buildings -- 5.4.2 Special Design Considerations -- 5.4.3 The Design Flow -- 5.4.4 Placing the Indoor Antennas -- 5.5 Handover Considerations Inside Buildings -- 5.5.1 Indoor GSM Handover Planning -- 5.5.2 Indoor UMTS Handover Planning -- 5.5.3 Handover Zone Size -- 5.6 Elevator Coverage -- 5.6.1 Elevator Installation Challenges -- 5.6.2 The Most Common Coverage Elevator Solution -- 5.6.3 Antenna Inside the Shaft -- 5.6.4 Repeater in the Lift-car -- 5.6.5 DAS Antenna in the Lift-car -- 5.6.6 Passive Repeaters in Elevators -- 5.6.7 Real-life Example of a Passive Repeater in an Elevator -- 5.6.8 Control the Elevator HO Zone -- 5.6.9 Elevator HO Zone Size -- 5.6.10 Challenges with Elevator Repeaters for Large Shafts -- 5.7 Multioperator Systems -- 5.7.1 Multioperator DAS Solutions Compatibility -- 5.7.2 The Combiner System -- 5.7.3 Inter-modulation Distortion -- 5.7.4 How to Minimize PIM -- 5.7.5 IMD Products -- 5.8 Co-existence Issues for GSM/UMTS -- 5.8.1 Spurious Emissions -- 5.8.2 Combined DAS for GSM900 and UMTS -- 5.8.3 Combined DAS for GSM1800 and UMTS -- 5.9 Co-existence Issues for UMTS/UMTS -- 5.9.1 Adjacent Channel Interference Power Ratio -- 5.9.2 The ACIR Problem with Indoor DAS -- 5.9.3 Solving the ACIR Problem Inside Buildings -- 5.10 Multioperator Requirements -- 5.10.1 Multioperator Agreement -- 5.10.2 Parties Involved in the Indoor Project -- 5.10.3 The Most Important Aspects to Cover in the MOA -- 6 Traffic Dimensioning -- 6.1 Erlang, the Traffic Measurement -- 6.1.1 What is One Erlang? -- 6.1.2 Call Blocking, Grade of Service.

6.1.3 The Erlang B Table.