Cover image for Normality and Pathology in Childhood : Assessments of Development.
Normality and Pathology in Childhood : Assessments of Development.
Title:
Normality and Pathology in Childhood : Assessments of Development.
Author:
Freud, Anna.
ISBN:
9781849400732
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (311 pages)
Contents:
COVER -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction to this edition -- Foreword to the 1980 edition -- Chaper 1. THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEW OF CHILDHOOD: LONG-DISTANCE AND CLOSE-UP -- Reconstructions from the Analyses of Adults and Their Applications -- The Advent of Child Analysis and Its Consequences -- Direct Child Observation in the Service of Psychoanalytic Child Psychology -- THE ANALYST'S EXCLUSIVE CONCENTRATION ON THE HIDDEN DEPTH -- THE DERIVATIVES OF THE UNCONSCIOUS AS MATERIAL FOR OBSERVATION -- THE DEFENSE MECHANISMS AS MATERIAL FOR OBSERVATION -- ITEMS OF CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOR AS MATERIAL FOR OBSERVATION -- THE EGO UNDER OBSERVATION -- Chaper 2. THE RELATIONS BETWEEN CHILD ANALYSIS AND ADULT ANALYSIS -- The Therapeutic Principles -- The Curative Tendencies -- Technique -- The absence of free association -- Interpretation and verbalization -- Resistances -- Transference -- The Child Analyst as a New Object -- The Child Analyst as the Object of Libidinal and Aggressive Transference -- The Child Analyst as Object for Externalization -- Infantile Dependency as a Factor in Adult and Child Analysis -- Dependency as a factor in adult analysis -- Dependency as a factor in child analysis -- Recent studies of dependency -- The Balance between Internal and External Forces as Seen by Child and Adult Analyst -- Chaper 3. THE ASSESSMENT OF NORMALITY IN CHILDHOOD -- I: Early Spotting of Pathogenic Agents -- Prevention and Prediction -- The Translation of External Events into Internal Experience -- Four Areas of Difference between Child and Adult -- II: The Concept of Developmental Lines -- Prototype of a developmental line: from dependency to emotional self-reliance and adult object relationships -- Some developmental lines toward body independence -- From Suckling to Rational Eating.

From Wetting and Soiling to Bladder and Bowel Control -- From Irresponsibility to Responsibility in Body Management -- Further examples of developmental lines -- From Egocentricity to Companionship -- From the Body to the Toy and from Play to Work -- Correspondence between developmental lines -- Applications: entry into nursery school as an illustration -- Required Status on the Line "From Dependency to Emotional Self-Reliance" -- Required Status on the Line toward Bodily Independence -- Required Status on the Line toward Companionship -- Required Status on the Line from Play to Work -- III: Regression as a Principle in Normal Development -- Three types of regression -- Regression in drive and libido development -- Regressions in ego development -- Temporary Ego Regressions in Normal Development -- Deterioration of Secondary Process Functioning in the Waking Life of Children -- Other Ego Regressions under Stress -- Ego Regressions as the Result of Defense Activity -- Drive and ego regressions, temporary and permanent -- Regression and the developmental lines -- Chaper 4. ASSESSMENT OF PATHOLOGY. PART I. SOME GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Descriptive versus Metapsychological Assessments -- Static versus Developmental Terminology -- Lying -- Stealing -- Criteria for Assessing Severity of Illness -- Assessment by Development and Its Implications -- Uneven drive and ego progression -- Disharmony between developmental lines -- Permanent regressions and their consequences -- Assessment by Type of Anxiety and Conflict -- Assessment by General Characteristics -- Frustration tolerance and sublimation potential -- Mastery of anxiety -- Regressive versus progressive tendencies -- A Metapsychological Profte of the Child -- Draft of diagnostic profile.

Chaper 5. ASSESSMENT OF PATHOLOGY. PART II. SOME INFANTILE PRESTAGES OF ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY -- The Infantile Neuroses -- The Developmental Disturbances -- External stresses -- Internal stresses -- Disturbances of Sleep -- Disorders of Food Intake -- The Archaic Fears -- The Behavior Disorders of the Toddler -- A Transitory Obsessional Phase -- Disturbances of the Phallic Phase, Preadolescence and Adolescence -- Dissociality, Delinquency, Criminality as Diagnostic Categories in Childhood -- The age factor in social development, legal and psychological -- The newborn as a law unto himself -- The caretakinc mother as the first external legislator -- External control extended to the drives -- Internalization of external drive control -- The Principles of Mental Functioning and Their Bearing on Socialization -- The Development of Ego Functions as a Precon-dition of Socialization -- Ego Mechanisms Furthering Socialization -- Id Attributes as Obstacles to Socialization -- Failures of socialization -- Moving from family to community standards -- Homosexuality as a Diagnostic Category in Childhood Disorders -- Object choice: the age factor -- Prognosis versus reconstruction -- Homosexuality, favored or prevented by normal developmental positions -- Other Perversions and Addictions as Diagnostic Categories in Childhood -- Addiction -- Transvestitism -- Fetishism -- Prediction of outcome -- Chaper 6. THE THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES -- The Classical Psychoanalytic Therapy for Adults: Its Range and Definition -- Psychoanalytic Therapy for Children: Its Rationale -- Intrapsychic conflict in child analysis -- "Normal" Childhood Conflicts and Analysis -- The Developmental Disturbances and Analysis -- The Infantile Neuroses with Child Analysis as the Treatment of Choice.

A Subspecies of the Infantile Neuroses in Analysis -- Summary -- Therapy of the nonneurotic disturbances -- The Therapeutic Elements in Psychoanalysis -- Selection of Therapeutic Elements According to Diagnostic Category -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index.
Abstract:
Anna Freud's book deals with a most neglected aspect of psychoanalysis - normality. Its chief concern is with the ordinary problems of upbringing which face all parents and the usual phenomena encountered by every clinician. Yet, though primarily practical and clinical in its approach, it also makes a major theoretical contribution to psychology.The author begins with an account of the development of analytic child psychology, its techniques and its sources in child and adult analysis and direct observation of the child. She then describes the course of normal development, how it can be hindered or eased, what are the unavoidable stresses and strains and how variations of normality occur. She outlines a scheme for assessing normality and for gauging and classifying pathological phenomena in terms of the obstruction of normal progress rather than the severity of symptoms. Stress is laid on the problem of predicting the outcome of infantile factors for adult pathology in the face of the child's continual development. Finally, child analysis is considered both as a therapeutic method and as a means for the advance of knowledge.Anna Freud was outstanding for the close and systematic organization of her material and for the readability, clarity and economy of her writing. As might be expected from one of the most eminent psychoanalysts of her day, her book is a work of major importance.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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