ACTUALIZATION -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- PREFACE -- Table of contents -- INTRODUCTION -- 0. Preamble -- 1. The papers -- 2. Discussion -- 3. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- MARKEDNESS AND THE THEORY OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Markedness in synchrony -- 2. Markedness in diachrony -- 3. An analytic account of markedness -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- PATTERNS OF RESTITUTION OF SOUND CHANGE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- REFERENCES -- THE ROLE OF MARKEDNESS IN THE ACTUATION AND ACTUALIZATION OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Markedness agreement: agreement in what? -- 2. The problem -- 3. A short history of English relative particles -- 4. Periphrastic do -- Addendum: Heavenly language. -- REFERENCES -- ON THE ACTUALIZATION OF THE PASSIVE-TO-ERGATIVE SHIFT IN PRE-ISLAMIC INDIA -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Functionalism and markedness -- 2. Reconstructing sociolinguistic variation in Pre-Islamic India -- 3. Multiple analyses in the actualization of the passive-to-ergative shift -- 4. Noniconic relationships between morphology and semantics -- 5. Syntactic ambiguity in late Middle Indo-Aryan absolute constructions -- 6. Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- THE USE OF ADDRESS PRONOUNS IN SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS AND SONNETS -- 0. The development of address pronouns in Early Modern English -- 1. On the use of address pronouns in the Shakespeare Corpus -- 2. Corpus study -- 3. Summary and conclusion -- REFERENCES -- ACTUALIZATION PATTERNS IN GRAMMATICALIZATION: FROM CLAUSE TO LOCATIVE MORPHOLOGY IN NORTHERN IROQUOIAN -- 1. Stimulus to reanalysis: structural ambiguity -- 2. Actualization -- 3. Motivating f orces -- REFERENCES -- FROM LATIN TO MODERN FRENCH: ACTUALIZATION AND MARKEDNESS -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Morphosyntax -- 2. Syntax -- 3. Conclusion -- REFERENCES.

MARKEDNESS, CAUSATION, AND LINGUISTIC CHANGE: A SEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVE -- 1. Instead of prolegomena: a philosopher's-eye view of language -- 2. Nominalism and realism in linguistics -- 3. Semiosis and linguistic change: efficient and final causation -- 4. Markedness in a theory of change -- REFERENCES -- MARKEDNESS, FUNCTIONALITY, AND PERSEVERATION IN THE ACTUALIZATION OF A MORPHOSYNTACTIC CHANGE -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Markedness and morphosyntactic change -- 2. Functionality and morphosyntactic change -- 3. Markedness, functionality, and object-participle agreement -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- ACTUALIZATION AND THE (UNI)DIRECTIONALITY OF CHANGE -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Actualization: observable innovations in usage -- 2. On the (uni)directionality of chang -- 3. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- GENERAL INDEX.