Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Evolutionary Ecology Approach -- 1.2 Scope and Overview -- 2: Origins of Parasitism and Complex Life Cycles -- 2.1 Transitions to Parasitism -- 2.2 Specialization of Parasites -- 2.3 Complex Life Cycles: Historical Contingency or Adaptation? -- 2.3.1 Increases in Life-Cycle Complexity -- 2.3.2 Abbreviation of Complex Life Cycles -- 2.4 Evolutionary Consequences of Complex Life Cycles -- 2.4.1 Transmission and Infection -- 2.4.2 Sexual Reproduction -- 2.5 Conclusion -- 3: Host Specificity -- 3.1 Measuring Host Specificity -- 3.2 Host-Parasite Coevolution and Host Specificity -- 3.2.1 Macroevolutionary Patterns -- 3.2.2 Microevolutionary Processes -- 3.3 Determinants of Host Specificity -- 3.4 Observed Patterns of Host Specificity -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 4: Evolution of Parasite Life-History Strategies -- 4.1 Phenotypic Plasticity and Adaptation -- 4.2 Parasite Body Size -- 4.2.1 Changes in Size as Adaptations to Parasitism -- 4.2.2 Correlates of Body Size -- 4.2.3 Sexual Size Dimorphism in Parasites -- 4.3 Parasite Age at Maturity -- 4.4 Egg Production in Parasites -- 4.4.1 Correlates of Fecundity -- 4.4.2 Trade-offs and Strategies of Egg Production -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 5: Strategies of Host Exploitation -- 5.1 The Evolution of Virulence -- 5.1.1 The Theory -- 5.1.2 Empirical Tests -- 5.2 Parasitic Castration and Host Gigantism -- 5.3 Manipulation of Host Behavior by Parasites -- 5.3.1 Adaptive Manipulation? -- 5.3.2 Evolution of Host Manipulation -- 5.3.3 Host Manipulation in a Multispecies Context -- 5.4 Manipulation of Host Sex Ratio by Parasites -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6: Parasite Aggregation: Causes and Consequences -- 6.1 Measuring Parasite Aggregation -- 6.1.1 Indices of Aggregation -- 6.1.2 Problems with the Measurement of Aggregation -- 6.2 Natural Patterns of Aggregation.

6.3 Causes of Aggregation -- 6.4 Consequences of Aggregation -- 6.4.1 Effective Population Size and Genetic Diversity -- 6.4.2 Sex Ratio -- 6.4.3 Macroevolutionary Phenomena -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7: Parasite Population Dynamics and Genetics -- 7.1 Models of Parasite Population Dynamics -- 7.2 Density-Dependent Regulation -- 7.3 Selected Examples of Population Studies -- 7.3.1 The Cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi -- 7.3.2 The Nematode Cystidicola cristivomeri -- 7.3.3 The Nematode Cystidicoloides tenuissima -- 7.3.4 The Acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus tumescens -- 7.4 Patterns of Parasite Abundance -- 7.5 Genetic Structure of Parasite Populations -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 8: Interactions between Species and the Parasite Niche -- 8.1 Numerical Responses to Competition -- 8.2 The Parasite Niche -- 8.3 Functional Responses to Competition -- 8.4 Evolutionary Niche Restriction -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 9: Parasite Infracommunity Structure -- 9.1 Species Richness of Infracommunities -- 9.2 Nestedness in Infracommunities -- 9.3 Species Associations among Infracommunities -- 9.4 Species Recruitment and Infracommunity Structure -- 9.5 Species Abundance and Biomass in Infracommunities -- 9.6 Conclusion -- 10: Component Communities and Parasite Faunas -- 10.1 Richness and Composition of Component Communities -- 10.2 Evolution of Parasite Faunas -- 10.3 Species Richness of Parasite Faunas -- 10.4 Biogeography of Parasite Diversity -- 10.5 Host Specificity and the Composition of Parasite Faunas -- 10.6 Conclusion -- 11 Conclusion -- 11.1 Environmental Changes and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology -- 11.2 Parasite Control and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology -- 11.3 Future Directions -- References -- Index.