ESSAYS ON TERMINOLOGY -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Editor's Note -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Acknowledgements -- Preface A Paradoxical Terminologist -- Introduction -- 1. Origins and Development of Terminology -- 1.1 The history of words and ideas: Nomenclature -- 1.2 Terminology -- 1.3 Observations on the scope of the subject -- 1.3.1 The Classical Period in Western Europe (17th-18th centuries) -- 1.3.2 Social engineering of language and technical-scientific development in the 19th century -- 1.3.3 Developments in the 19th and 20th centuries -- 2. Theoretical Issues in Terminology -- 2.1 The problem of the terminological unit -- 2.1.1 The lexical unit, unit of meaning -- 2.1.2 The name -- 2.2 The unit-sign systems -- 2.2.1 Lexical field and paradigmatic relations -- 2.2.2 The denominational system -- 2.3 The 'Concept' in Terminology -- 2.3.1 Concept in traditional terminology -- 2.3.2 The class -- 2.3.3 Concept and function -- 2.4 Definition and term -- 2.4.1 Definition and description -- 2.4.2. The place of the terminological definition -- 2.5 Conceptual systems and classes of objects -- 2.5.1 Types of concept systems -- 2.5.2 Diversification of conceptual structures -- 2.6 Relationships relevant to terminology -- 2,6.1 The relationship between knowledge and naming -- 2.6.2 The social condition of terminological activity -- 2.6.3 Languages, cultures and knowledge -- 3. A New Era for Terminology: From Social Aspects to Theory -- 3.1 Characteristics of the past era -- 3.2 The functional content of terminology -- 3.2.1 Social functions -- 3.2.2 Linguistic functions -- 3.2.3 Cognitive and classificatory functions -- 3.2.4 The interaction of functions -- 3.3 Characteristics of the new era -- 3.3.1 New functions -- 4. The Concept of Neologism and the Evolution of Terminologies in Individual Languages.

4.1 The nature of neology -- 4.1.1 The linguistic nature of neologisms -- 4.1.2 The novelty in neologisms -- 4.1.2.1 Types of neology -- a. Formal neology -- b. Semantic neology -- c. Pragmatic neology -- 4.1.2.2 Towards a definition of lexical neology -- 4.1.2.2.1 Objective neology -- 4.1.2.2.2 Functional novelty and criteria of novelty -- 4.1.2.3 The classification of neology as a linguistic phenomenon -- 4.1.2.3.1 Definition of a synchronic dimension -- 4.1.2.3.2 Geographical aspects -- 4.1.2.3.3 Social and communicative aspects -- 4.2 Practical aspects -- 4.2.1 Lexical needs and language trends -- 4.2.2 Identification of neological needs -- 4.2.2.1 Plan -- 4.2.2.2 Realisation and techniques -- 4.2.3 Study and evolution of neology -- 4.2.3.1 Identification of neologisms -- a. System conformity -- b. Semantic potential -- c. Productivity -- d. Distinctiveness /lack of competition -- e. Acceptability -- 4.2.4 Intervention and planning -- 5. Terminologies: A Challenge to Lexicologists -- 5.1 The pragmatic motivation of terminologies -- 5.2 The theoretical basis of terminologies -- 5.3 Types of terminologies -- 5.4 Trends in the creation of terminologies -- 5.5 The relevance of terminologies for lexicology and lexicography -- 6. Applied Terminology -- 6.1 Needs and aims -- 6.1.1 Three types of need: description, transmission, standardisation -- 6.2 The means of language and culture -- 6.2.1 Linguistic and conceptual means: term creation and adaptation -- 6.2.2 Judgements and attitudes -- 7. Terminology and Lexicography -- 7.1 The nature of lexicography -- 7.1.1 Dictionary - Lexicography -- 7.2 The nature of terminology -- 7.3 The relations between terminology and lexicography -- 7.4 The teaching of lexicography and terminology -- 8. Terminologies and Terminography -- 8.1 Lexicology - lexicography -- 8.2 The meanings and functions of terminology.

8.3 Terminology - terminography -- 9. Description and Control of Terminologies -- 9.1 Terminography -- 9.1.1 The nature of terminography : description of terminological entities -- 9.1.1.1 The units of description -- 9.1.1.2 Language and languages -- 9.1.2 Procedures and methods -- a. The attribution of a unit of observation to one or several subject fields, i.e. attach a subject label to a term. -- b. The description and articulation of the whole subject field -- 9.1.2.1 Theoretical subjects -- 9.1.2.2 Technical subject fields -- 9.1.3 Terminographic tasks -- 9.1.3.1 The analysis of the terminological field -- 9.1.3.2 Conceptual analysis -- 9.1.3.3 Linguistic analysis of the corpus -- 9.1.3.4 Definition of the terminological unit -- 9.1.3.5 Choice of units for description -- 9.1.4 The creation of file s -- A. Linguistic Level -- B. Conceptual and Semantic Level -- C. Reference or Source Level -- 9.1.5 Organisation of terminological description: Nomenclatures -- 9.1.6 Terminological and terminographic products -- 9.1.6.1 Printed versions -- 9.1.6.2 Terminological databanks -- 9.1.6.3 Type and quality of data -- 9.1.6.4 Programs and software (retrieval and interrogation) -- 9.2 Institutions and regulation -- 9.2.1 Terminological control by subject field -- 9.2.1.1 Scientific and technical organisations -- 9.2.1.2 Linguistic policy by governments -- 9.2.1.2.1 Terminological aspects of the linguistic policy of national institutions -- 9.2.1.2.2 International institutions and terminology -- 9.2.1.3 Standardisation organisations -- 9.2.2 Multilingual international cooperation -- 10. Linguistic and Terminological Standardisation from the Perspective of their Legal Status -- 10.1 Language and norm -- 10.1.1 The definition of language -- 10.1.2 Language, languages and discourse -- 10.2 The linguistic norm -- 10.2.1 Forms of usage.

10.2.1.1 Application in speech situations -- 10.2.1.2 Attitudes to linguistic differences and regularisation -- 10.2.2 The evolution of the norm -- 10.2.2.1 The operation of the norm -- 10.2.2.2 The scope of the norm -- 10.3 Linguistic standardisation, management and planning -- 10.3.1 A case study of standardisation -- 10.3.2 Conditions for standardisation -- 10.3.3 Steps in standardisation -- 10.3.4 Language planning -- 10.4 The field of action of standardisation -- 11. Terminology in a General Language Dictionary of French: Le Grand Robert -- 11.1 The nature and scope of the lexicographic discourse -- 11.2 Terms and words -- 11.3 Selection criteria and sources -- Notes -- 1 Origins and Development of Terminology -- 2 Theoretical Issues in Terminology -- 3 A New Era for Terminology: From Social Aspects to Theory -- 4 The Concept of Neologism and the Evolution of Terminologies in individual Languages -- 5 Terminologies: A Challenge for Lexicologists -- 6 Applied Terminology -- 7 Terminology and Lexicography -- 8 Terminologies and Terminography -- 9 Description and Control of Terminologies -- 10 Linguistic and terminological Standardistion from the Perspective of their legal Status -- 11 Terminology in a General Language Dictionary in French: Le Grand Robert -- Bibliography and Further Reading -- Dictionaries & Other Reference Works cited in the essays -- Publications by Alain Rey relevant to terminology -- Author Index -- Subject Index.