CONTENTS -- Chapter 1 Introduction: How Physics Defines the LHC Environment and Detectors D. Green -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) -- 3. LHC Luminosity and Energy -- 4. Global Detector Properties -- 5. The "Generic" Detector -- 6. The Generic Vertex Subsystem -- 7. The Generic Solenoid Magnet -- 8. The Generic Tracker Subsystem -- 9. The Generic ECAL -- 10. The Generic HCAL -- 11. The Neutron Field -- 12. The Generic Muon System -- 13. Up the Food Chain -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 The CMS Pixel Detector W. Erdmann -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview -- 2.1. The pixel shape -- 2.2. Detector layout -- 2.3. Radiation hardness -- 3. Sensors -- 4. Front-End Electronics -- 4.1. Analog section -- 4.2. Readout architecture -- 4.3. Control -- 5. Modules -- 6. Readout -- 7. Mechanics and Installation -- 8. Power -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 The Hybrid Tracking System of ATLAS Leonardo Rossi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Design Issues -- 2.1. Geometrical constraints -- 2.2. Environmental constraints -- 2.3. Performance requirements -- 3. The ATLAS Central Tracker -- 3.1. Pixels -- 3.2. Semiconductor tracker -- 3.3. Transition radiation tracker -- 4. Some Key Challenges -- 4.1. Evaporative cooling system -- 4.2. Alignment -- 4.3. Material minimization -- 5. Conclusions and Lessons Learnt -- References -- Chapter 4 The All-Silicon Strip CMS Tracker: Microtechnology at the Macroscale M. Mannelli -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- 2. Performance Requirements and Layout of the CMS Silicon Tracker -- 3. Design Choices for the Silicon Strip Sensors and Modules of the CMS Tracker -- 3.1. Radiation hardness requirements -- 3.2. Choice of substrate type -- 3.3. Coupling to readout electronics and its implications for the sensor technology -- 3.4. Optimization of sensor design and parameters.

3.5. Moving from 4 diameter to 6 silicon sensor production lines -- 3.6. Design considerations for the CMS silicon strip modules -- 3.7. Automated assembly of the silicon strip modules for the CMS tracker -- 4. The Performance Potential of the CMS All-Silicon Tracker -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- Lessons Learnt -- References -- Chapter 5 The ATLAS Electromagnetic Calorimeters: Features and Performance Luciano Mandelli -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Principles of Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimetry -- 2.1. The sampling and the pulse shape -- 2.2. The longitudinal and transverse development of an electromagnetic shower -- 2.3. The pileup and the pulse shaping -- 2.4. The measurement of the energy deposited in the calorimeter -- 2.5. The sampling and the energy resolution -- 2.6. Stability with time -- 3. The ATLAS Electromagnetic Calorimeters -- 3.1. The barrel calorimeter -- 3.2. The end-cap calorimeters -- 3.3. The electrodes and the longitudinal and transverse segmentation -- 3.4. The material upstream of the calorimeter and the need for a presampler -- 3.5. The signal readout and the "electromagnetic energy scale" -- 3.6. The back-end electronics -- computation of energy and timing of the signal -- 4. Computation of the Particle Energy and Direction -- 4.1. Corrections applied to the measured energy -- 4.2. The energy resolution constant term -- 4.3. Shower position and direction -- 5. Rejection Power Against Hadrons and Sensitivity to the H(γγ) Signal -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter: Crystals and APD Productions P. Bloch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Short Description of the CMS ECAL6 -- 3. Lead Tungstate Crystals -- 3.1. Physical properties of lead tungstate -- 3.2. Crystal production -- 3.3. Mechanical processing and light collection uniformity.

3.4. Production quality control -- 3.5. Radiation hardness and its control -- 3.6. Conclusions -- 4. Production and Tests of 130,000 Avalanche Photodiodes -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. APD radiation hardness and production screening24 -- 4.3. Performance in situ -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 ATLAS Electronics: An Overview Philippe Farthouat -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Main Parameters -- 2.1. Number of channels -- 2.2. Interface to the trigger and data acquisition system -- 2.3. Environmental constraints -- 2.3.1. Radiation -- 2.3.2. Magnetic field -- 2.3.3. Access -- 2.3.4. Services caverns -- 3. Front-End Electronics -- 3.1. Front-end ASICs -- 3.2. Front-end and TTC links -- 3.3. Front-end modules -- 3.4. Power in the front-end electronics systems -- 4. Trigger and O.-Detector Electronics -- 4.1. L1 trigger electronics -- 4.2. Off-detector readout electronics -- 5. Common Issues -- 5.1. The embedded local monitor board -- 5.2. The ATLAS policy on radiation-tolerant electronics -- 5.3. The ATLAS EMC policy -- 6. Development Schedule -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Innovations in the CMS Tracker Electronics G. Hall -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Requirements for an LHC Tracker -- 3. Front-End Readout -- 3.1. Analogue versus binary -- 3.2. Front-end chip evolution -- 3.3. Production -- 3.4. Performance -- 4. Optical Links -- 4.1. Early developments -- 4.2. Semiconductor lasers -- 4.3. Optical system issues -- 4.4. Optical link cost and performance -- 5. Overall System Design -- 5.1. Control and monitoring system -- 5.2. Off-detector electronics -- 5.3. CMS choices -- 6. Applications Elsewhere and Lessons Learned -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 TileCal: The Hadronic Section of the Central ATLAS Calorimeter K. Anderson, T. Del Prete, E. Fullana, J. Huston, C. Roda and R. Stanek.

1. TileCal Design: Motivation and Requirements -- 2. TileCal Solutions -- 2.1. Mechanics -- 2.1.1. The principles of the detector design -- 2.1.2. Module construction -- 2.1.3. Submodule construction and module production -- 2.2. Optics -- 2.3. Readout -- 2.3.1. Mechanics and overview -- 2.3.2. 3-in-1 card -- 2.3.3. Motherboard control system -- 2.3.4. Digitizers -- 2.3.5. Optical interface card -- 2.4. Monitoring system -- 2.4.1. Charge injection system -- 2.4.2. Radioactive 137Cs system -- 2.4.3. Laser system -- 2.4.4. Minimum bias current system -- 3. Performance of the Tile Calorimeter -- 3.1. Measuring the performance with test beams -- 3.2. Experience with the installed detector: cosmic muons and single beam events -- References -- Chapter 10 Innovations for the CMS HCAL J. Freeman -- Front-End Electronics -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 11 ATLAS Superconducting Toroids - The Largest Ever Built Herman H. J. ten Kate -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Why a Toroid? -- 3. Superconductors for Detector Magnets -- 4. Barrel Toroid Construction Challenges -- 5. End-Cap Toroids -- 6. Play of Forces between Barrel and End-Cap Toroids -- 7. Central Solenoid in the Barrel Toroid Bore -- 8. Magnet Operation Necessities -- 9. First Operational Experience -- 10. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Constructing a 4-Tesla Large Thin Solenoid at the Limit of What Can Be Safely Operated A. Hervé -- 1. The Role of the Coil in the Experiment Layout -- 2. Coil Description -- 3. Challenges of Large High-Field Epoxy-Potted Superconducting Coils -- 3.1. Quench protection method -- 3.2. Thermosiphon cooling method -- 3.3. Enthalpy stabilization -- 3.4. Mechanical stresses and strains -- 3.5. Glass-epoxy insulation -- 4. Departing Parameters -- 5. The Compound Conductor -- 6. Design Challenges at the Inception of the Project.

7. How the Design Challenges Have Been Met -- 7.1. Superconducting insert -- 7.2. Compound conductor -- 7.3. Selection of material for the mandrels -- 7.4. Manufacture of mandrels -- 7.5. Winding a stiff conductor -- 7.6. Limiting the shear stress inside the coil -- 7.7. Coil assembly -- 7.8. Quality control -- 7.9. Project organization -- 8. Critical Review of Retained Solutions and Their Relevance to Designing a New 4 or 5T Coil -- 8.1. Critical current and stability considerations -- 8.2. Compound-reinforced conductor considerations -- 8.3. Is it necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the alloys for the reinforcement and the mandrels? -- 8.4. Improving the compound-reinforced conductor by replacing the pure aluminum stabilizer -- 8.5. Attaching the reinforcement sections to the insert -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Giora Mikenberg -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spectrometer Design -- 3. Testing and Quality Control -- 4. Initial Performance of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer -- References -- Chapter 14 The CMS Muon Detector: From the First Thoughts to the Final Design Fabrizio Gasparini -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The MUON Detectors -- 3. A Few Further Remarks -- 4. The CMS Iron Yoke and the Chamber Type -- 5. The Requirements of Spatial Resolution -- 6. The Trigger Issue and the Number of Layers -- 6.1. The drift tubes case -- 6.2. The CSC case -- 7. The Choice of the Detector Parameters -- 8. The Constraints from the Magnetic Field -- 9. Few Final Comments -- 10. The RPC -- 11. Alignment -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 The Why and How of the ATLAS Data Acquisition System Livio Mapelli and Giuseppe Mornacchi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Problem Description -- 3. Conceptual Data Acquisition for a Typical LHC Experiment -- 4. Driving Principles of the ATLAS DAQ Design.

4.1. Factorization and partitioning.