Contents -- Preface -- Self-Testing Kit -- Probability -- Measure of Information -- END OF TEST -- List of Abbreviations -- Acknowledgement -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction: A Brief History of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.1. The Non-Atomistic Formulations of the Second Law -- 1.2. The Atomistic Formulation of the Second Law -- 1.3. Entropy as a Measure of Information -- 1.4. Popular Metaphoric Descriptions of Entropy -- Entropy -- Snack:Who's Your Daddy? -- CHAPTER 2 All You Need to Know but Never Dared to Admit that You Already Know -- 2.1. Grouping of Objects and Assigning Measures -- a. Grouping of objects -- b. An imaginary experiment with an unfair die -- 2.2. Events and Their Probabilities -- The Aperitif: Playing with Dice -- The Main Course: Hierarchy of Events -- The Dessert: Children's Perception of Probability -- 2.3. Information and its Shannon Measure -- Aperitif: Playing the 20-Questions Game -- The Main Course: Hierarchy of Information -- A Dart Hitting the Board -- The New Game of Marbles in Cells -- The Easiest Game You Ever Played -- The Dessert: Children Playing the 20Q Game -- Snack: Newsworthy, News Crazy -- Snack: Fifty-Percent Off or a Rip-Off? -- CHAPTER 3 Discover the Uniform Spatial Distribution -- 3.1. Initial Warm-Up: Two Marbles in Two Cells -- The Ensemble Interpretation -- The Frequency Interpretation -- 3.2. Two Cells and a Varying Number of Marbles -- 3.3. Ten Marbles and Varying Number of Cells -- 3.4. Some Simple Experiments Using Two Systems at Equilibrium -- 3.4.1. A Process of Expansion -- 3.4.2. Combination of Two Non-Empty Games -- 3.4.3. Pure Mixing of Two Types of Marbles -- 3.4.4. Pure Assimilation Process -- 3.4.5. Mixing and Expansion -- 3.4.6. Assimilation and Expansion -- Snack: How to Tell the Difference Between an Honest and a Pseudo-Honest Person (adapted from Mero (1990)).

Snack: Stray and Pay -- CHAPTER 4 Discover the Boltzmann Distribution -- 4.1. Six Marbles in Three Cells -- 4.2. Nine Marbles in Varying Number of Cells -- 4.3. Ten Cells and Variable Number of Marbles -- 4.4. Some Simple Processes Involving Transferring of Marbles -- 4.4.1. Expansion -- 4.4.2. Pure Mixing -- 4.4.3. Pure Assimilation -- 4.5. Dependence of SMI and W on the String Length TL -- 4.6. A Process Involving Exchange of String Between Two Systems -- 4.7. A Spontaneous Transfer of String from the High-Value to a Lower-Value TL -- 4.8. Another Experiment Involving a SpontaneousTransfer of String -- 4.9. What Have We Learned in this Chapter? -- Snack: How to Choose Between Two Equal-Probability Alternatives -- Snack: The Virtuous Sheila on the FerrisWheel -- CHAPTER 5 Discover the Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution -- 5.1. Six Marbles in Three Cells -- 5.2. Nine Marbles in Varying Number of Cells -- 5.3. Chaning the Number of Marbles in a Fixed Number of Cells -- 5.4. Dependence on the Total Cloth Area -- 5.5. A Process Involving Exchange of Cloth Between Two Systems -- 5.6. A Process Involving a Spontaneous Transfer of Cloth -- 5.7. What Have We Learned in this Chapter? -- Snack: Klutz and Botch -- Snack: The Importance of Units -- CHAPTER 6 Entropy and the Second Law in theWorld of Marbles -- 6.1. Summary of the Experiments with a Single System -- 6.1.1. The Uniform Distribution: Shannon's First Theorem -- 6.1.2. The Boltzmann Distribution: Shannon's Second Theorem -- 6.1.3. The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Shannon's Third Theorem -- 6.2. Summary and Conclusions Regarding the Processes Involving Two Systems -- 6.2.1. Evolution of a Pair of Uniformly Distributed Games -- The expansion process -- Pure mixing -- Pure assimilation -- Assimilation and expansion -- Mixing and expansion -- 6.2.2. Evolution of a Pair of Boltzmann-Type Games.

6.2.3. Evolution of a Pair of Maxwell-Boltzmann Type Games -- 6.3. Summary of Everything We Have Learned: What,Why, and How -- Snack: The Mystery of the Missing Bike and the Power of the Ten Commandments -- Snack: The Ever Reliable Cuckoo Clock -- CHAPTER 7 Entropy and the Second Law in the Real World -- 7.1. The Dictionary -- 7.2. Uniform Distribution: Shannon's First Theorem and the Second Law -- 7.2.1. What Happens? -- 7.2.2. Why it Happens? -- 7.2.3. How it Happens? -- 7.3. Some More Processes in the "Uniform" Class -- 7.3.1. An Alternative View of the Expansion Process -- 7.3.2. Pure Mixing -- 7.3.3. Pure Assimilation -- 7.3.4. Mixing and Expansion -- 7.3.5. Assimilation and Expansion -- 7.3.6. A Pure De-Assimilation Process -- 7.4. The Boltzmann Distribution: Shannon's Second Theorem and Clausius' Definition of Entropy -- 7.4.1. The Boltzmann Distribution -- 7.4.2. Clausius' Definition of Entropy -- 7.4.3. Energy Transfer Between Two Systems in Contact -- 7.4.4. Spontaneous Flow of Energy from One System to Another -- 7.5. The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Shannon's Third Theorem and Clausius' Formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 7.5.1. Translation -- 7.5.2. Summary of What We Already Know -- 7.5.3. Spontaneous Heat Transfer from a Hotter to a Colder Body -- 7.6. The Conclusion of All Conclusions -- Snack: Can More Incriminating Evidence be Inculpatory? -- CHAPTER 8 Notes -- Notes to Preface -- Notes to Self-Testing Kit -- Notes to Chapter 1 -- Notes to Chapter 2 -- Notes to Chapter 3 -- Notes to Chapter 4 -- Notes for Chapter 5 -- Notes for Chapter 6 -- Notes for Chapter 7 -- Epilogue -- Postscript -- References and Suggested Reading -- Index.