Cover image for Epioptics-10 : Proceedings of the 43rd Course of the International School of Solid State Physics.
Epioptics-10 : Proceedings of the 43rd Course of the International School of Solid State Physics.
Title:
Epioptics-10 : Proceedings of the 43rd Course of the International School of Solid State Physics.
Author:
Cricenti, Antonio.
ISBN:
9789814322409
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (273 pages)
Series:
Science & Culture Series: Physics
Contents:
Contents -- Preface -- 1 Scope -- 2 Why non-equilibrium thermodynamics? -- 2.1 Simple flux equations -- 2.2 Flux equations in non-equilibrium thermodynamics -- 2.3 The lost work of an industrial plant -- 2.4 The second law efficiency -- 2.5 Consistent thermodynamic models -- 3 The entropy production of one-dimensional trans- port processes -- 3.1 Balance equations -- 3.2 Entropy production -- 3.3 Examples -- 3.4 The frame of reference for fluxes -- 4 Flux equations and transport coefficients -- 4.1 Linear flux-force relations -- 4.2 Transport of heat and mass -- 4.3 Transport of heat and charge -- 4.4 Transport of mass and charge -- 4.4.1 The mobility model -- 4.5 Transport of volume and charge -- 4.6 Concluding remarks -- 5 Non-isothermal multi-component diffusion -- 5.1 Isothermal diffusion -- 5.1.1 Prigogine's theorem applied -- 5.1.2 Diffusion in the solvent frame of reference -- 5.1.3 Maxwell-Stefan equations -- 5.1.4 Changing a frame of reference -- 5.2 Maxwell-Stefan equations generalized -- 5.3 Concluding remarks -- 6 Systems with shear flow -- 6.1 Balance equations -- 6.1.1 Component balances -- 6.1.2 Momentum balance -- 6.1.3 Internal energy balance -- 6.2 Entropy production -- 6.3 Stationary pipe flow -- 6.3.1 The measurable heat flux -- 6.4 The plug flow reactor -- 6.5 Concluding remarks -- 7 Chemical reactions -- 7.1 The Gibbs energy change of a chemical reaction -- 7.2 The reaction path -- 7.2.1 The chemical potential -- 7.2.2 The entropy production -- 7.3 A rate equation with a thermodynamic basis -- 7.4 The law of mass action -- 7.5 The entropy production on the mesoscopic scale -- 7.6 Concluding remarks -- 8 The lost work in the aluminum electrolysis -- 8.1 The aluminum electrolysis cell -- 8.2 The thermodynamic e ciency -- 8.3 A simplified cell model -- 8.4 Lost work due to charge transfer -- 8.4.1 The bulk electrolyte.

8.4.2 The diffusion layer at the cathode -- 8.4.3 The electrode surfaces -- 8.4.4 The bulk anode and cathode -- 8.5 Lost work by excess carbon consumption -- 8.6 Lost work due to heat transport through the walls -- 8.6.1 Conduction across the walls -- 8.6.2 Surface radiation and convection -- 8.7 A map of the lost work -- 8.8 Concluding remarks -- 9 The state of minimum entropy production and optimal control theory -- 9.1 Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas -- 9.1.1 Expansion work -- 9.1.2 The entropy production -- 9.1.3 The optimization idea -- 9.2 Optimal control theory -- 9.3 Heat exchange -- 9.3.1 The entropy production -- 9.3.2 The work production by a heat exchanger -- 9.3.3 Optimal control theory and heat exchange -- 9.4 Concluding remarks -- 10 The state of minimum entropy production in selected process units -- 10.1 The plug flow reactor -- 10.1.1 The entropy production -- 10.1.2 Optimal control theory and plug flow reactors -- 10.1.3 A highway in state space -- 10.1.4 Reactor design -- 10.2 Distillation columns -- 10.2.1 The entropy production -- 10.2.2 Column design -- 10.3 Concluding remarks -- Appendix A -- A.1 Balance equations for mass, charge, momentum and energy -- A.1.1 Mass balance -- A.1.2 Momentum balance -- A.1.3 Total energy balance -- A.1.4 Kinetic energy balance -- A.1.5 Potential energy balance -- A.1.6 Balance of the electric field energy -- A.1.7 Internal energy balance -- A.1.8 Entropy balance -- A.2 Partial molar thermodynamic properties -- A.3 The chemical potential and its reference states -- A.3.1 The equation of state as a basis -- A.3.2 The excess Gibbs energy as a basis -- A.3.3 Henry's law as a basis -- A.4 Driving forces and equilibrium constants -- A.4.1 The ideal gas reference state -- A.4.2 The pure liquid reference state -- Bibliography -- List of Symbols -- Index -- About the authors.
Abstract:
The book is aimed at assessing the capabilities of state-of-the-art optical techniques in elucidating the fundamental electronic and structural properties of semiconductor and metal surfaces, interfaces, thin layers, and layer structures, and assessing the usefulness of these techniques for optimization of high quality multilayer samples through feedback control during materials growth and processing. Particular emphasis is placed on the theory of non-linear optics and dynamical processes through the use of pump-probe techniques together with the search for new optical sources. Some new applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy to Material science and biological samples, dried and in vivo, with the use of different laser sources are also presented. Materials of special interest are silicon, semiconductor-metal interfaces, semiconductor and magnetic multi-layers and III-V compound semiconductors.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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