CONTENTS -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- About the Authors -- 1 A Brief History of Energy Consumption -- 1.1 What is Energy? -- 1.2 Historical Energy Consumption -- 1.3 Energy Consumption and the Quality of Life -- 1.4 Energy in Transition -- 1.5 "Decarbonization" -- 1.6 Activities -- 2 Fossil Energy - Coal -- 2.1 Geologic History of the Earth -- 2.2 Origin of Coal -- 2.3 Coal -- 2.4 Distribution and Production of Coal -- 2.4.1 Coal Production -- 2.5 Fossil Energy and Combustion -- 2.6 Case Study: A Coal-Fired Power Plant -- 2.7 Coal Gas -- 2.7.1 Global Distribution of Coal Gas -- 2.8 Activities -- 3 Fossil Energy - Oil and Gas -- 3.1 Geology of Oil and Gas Reservoirs -- 3.1.1 Rock Attributes -- 3.1.2 Depositional Environment -- 3.2 Origin of Oil and Gas -- 3.2.1 Biogenic Theory -- 3.2.2 Abiogenic Theory -- 3.3 Oil and Gas Reservoirs and Reserves -- 3.3.1 Resource Pyramid -- 3.3.2 Reserves -- 3.4 Classification of Oil and Gas -- 3.5 Shale Oil, Tar Sands and Extra Heavy Oil -- 3.6 Unconventional Gas -- 3.6.1 Gas Hydrates -- 3.6.2 Tight Gas Sands and Shale Gas -- 3.7 Global Distribution of Oil and Gas -- 3.8 Activities -- 4 Peak Oil -- 4.1 Oil and Gas Production -- 4.1.1 History of Drilling Methods -- 4.1.2 Modern Drilling Methods -- 4.1.3 Hydraulic Fracturing -- 4.1.4 Production System -- 4.1.5 Processing and Transport -- 4.1.6 Power Plants -- 4.2 Global Oil and Gas Production and Consumption -- 4.3 The First Oil Crisis -- 4.3.1 Events Leading Up to the Crisis -- 4.3.2 The Arab Oil Embargo -- 4.4 The Price of Oil -- 4.4.1 How Does Oil Price Affect Oil Recovery? -- 4.4.2 How High Can Oil Prices Go? -- 4.5 Hubbert's Oil Supply Forecast -- 4.5.1 World Oil Production Rate Peak -- 4.5.2 World Per Capita Oil Production Rate Peak -- 4.6 Environmental Issues -- 4.7 Activities -- 5 Nuclear Energy.

5.1 History of Nuclear Energy -- 5.1.1 Discovery of the Nucleus -- 5.1.2 Radioactivity -- 5.1.3 History of Nuclear Power -- 5.2 Nuclear Reactors -- 5.2.1 Nuclear Fission Reactors -- 5.2.2 Availability of Nuclear Fuel -- 5.2.3 Nuclear Fusion Reactors -- 5.2.4 ITER: A Prototype Nuclear Fusion Reactor -- 5.3 Global Dependence on Nuclear Power -- 5.4 Nuclear Energy and the Environment -- 5.4.1 Nuclear Fission -- 5.4.2 Radioactive Waste -- 5.4.3 Containment Failure -- 5.4.4 Nuclear Fallout -- 5.4.5 Nuclear Winter -- 5.4.6 Nuclear Fusion -- 5.5 Activities -- 6 Renewable Energy - Solar Energy -- 6.1 Source of Solar Energy -- 6.2 Energy Conversion Efficiency and Intermittency -- 6.3 Passive Solar Energy -- 6.3.1 Roof Overhang -- 6.3.2 Thermal Conductivity and Insulation -- 6.4 Active Solar Energy -- 6.4.1 Solar Heat Collectors -- 6.5 Solar Power Plants -- 6.5.1 Solar Power Tower -- 6.5.2 Solar Electric Generating Systems -- 6.5.3 Concentrating Solar Power -- 6.5.4 Case Study: Spanish Solar Power -- 6.6 Solar Electric Technology -- 6.6.1 Photoelectric Effect -- 6.6.2 Photovoltaics -- 6.7 Activities -- 7 Renewable Energy - Wind Energy -- 7.1 History of Wind Power -- 7.2 Wind Turbine -- 7.2.1 Turbine Power Output -- 7.3 Wind Farms -- 7.3.1 Offshore Wind Farms -- 7.3.2 Advances in Offshore Wind Technology -- 7.4 Case Study: European Wind Power -- 7.5 Can Wind Provide All of Our Energy Needs? -- 7.6 Environmental Impact -- 7.7 Activities -- 8 Renewable Energy - Energy from Water -- 8.1 Hydroelectric Power -- 8.1.1 History of Hydroelectric Power in the United States -- 8.1.2 Generation of Hydroelectric Power -- 8.2 Case Study: Three Gorges Dam -- 8.3 Waves and Tides -- 8.3.1 Waves and Tides -- 8.3.2 Ocean Thermal -- 8.4 Geothermal -- 8.4.1 Geothermal Heat Pump -- 8.4.2 Direct-Use Applications -- 8.4.3 Geothermal Heating System -- 8.4.4 Geothermal Power Plants.

8.4.5 Managing Geothermal Reservoirs -- 8.4.6 Hot, Dry Rock -- 8.5 Activities -- 9 Renewable Energy - Bioenergy and Synfuels -- 9.1 Biomass -- 9.1.1 Energy Density -- 9.1.2 Wood -- 9.1.3 Ethanol -- 9.1.4 Biopower -- 9.2 Case Study: Biofuels in Brazil -- 9.3 Synfuels -- 9.3.1 Coal Gasification -- 9.3.2 Biomass Conversion -- 9.3.3 Gas-to-Liquid Conversion -- 9.3.4 Algae Oil -- 9.4 Environmental Impact of Combustible Materials -- 9.4.1 Climate Change -- 9.5 Activities -- 10 Energy Carrier, Energy Storage and Hybrid Energy Systems -- 10.1 Hydrogen -- 10.1.1 Properties of Hydrogen -- 10.1.2 Hydrogen Production -- 10.1.3 Thermal Decomposition and Gasification -- 10.1.4 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells -- 10.2 The Hydrogen Economy -- 10.3 Large Scale Energy Storage -- 10.3.1 Energy Storage Concepts -- 10.3.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage -- 10.3.3 Renewable Energy and CAES .3 -- 10.4 A Hybrid Energy System for the Hydrogen Economy -- 10.5 Activities -- 11 Electricity Generation and Distribution -- 11.1 Historical Development of Electric Power -- 11.1.1 Steam Generated Power -- 11.1.2 The Battle of Currents -- 11.1.3 Growth of the Electric Power Industry -- 11.2 Electric Power Generation -- 11.2.1 Hydroelectric Power Generation -- 11.3 Transformers -- 11.4 Electric Power Distribution -- 11.4.1 Transmission and Distribution System -- 11.4.2 Household Circuits -- 11.4.3 Distributed Generation -- 11.5 Developments in Electric Grid Design -- 11.5.1 North American Grid -- 11.5.2 Smart Grid -- 11.5.3 European Super Grid -- 11.6 Activities -- 12 Energy Economics -- 12.1 Principles of Economics -- 12.1.1 Supply and Demand -- 12.1.2 Elasticity -- 12.1.3 CAPEX and OPEX -- 12.2 Costs and Benefits -- 12.2.1 Direct and Indirect Costs -- 12.2.2 Tangible and Intangible Costs and Benefits -- 12.3 Economies of Scale -- 12.4 Management Decisions in the Energy Sector.

12.4.1 Cash Flow and Economic Indicators -- 12.4.2 Life Cycle Analysis -- 12.4.3 Risk Analysis and Real Options Analysis -- 12.5 Levelized Energy Cost -- 12.6 Activities -- 13 Future Issues - Geopolitics of Energy -- 13.1 Sustainable Development -- 13.2 Energy and Ethics -- 13.3 Energy and Geopolitics -- 13.3.1 Clash of Civilizations -- 13.3.2 Clash Over Resources -- 13.3.3 Energy Interdependence -- 13.4 Global Regulation of Carbon Emissions -- 13.4.1 Effect of Cap and Trade on Energy Supply and Demand -- 13.4.2 Climate Change and Adaptation -- 13.5 Activities -- 14 Future Issues - Energy Forecasts -- 14.1 Nuclear Energy Forecast -- 14.2 Renewable Energy Forecast -- 14.3 Energy Conservation and Energy Forecasts -- 14.4 Energy Mix Forecasts -- 14.5 Forecasts Based on Supply -- 14.6 The Future of Energy -- 14.7 Activities -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- References -- Index.