Contents -- Preface -- An Historical Sketch of the Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Planets -- Laplace and the Nebular Model -- The Chamberlin-Moulton Theory -- The Jeans Tidal Theory -- The New Solar Nebula Theory -- General Conclusions -- 1. Observations of Stars -- 1.1 Locations of Stars -- 1.2 Stellar Material -- 1.3 Determining the Distances of Stars -- 1.3.1 The distances of nearby stars -- 1.3.2 Distance measurements using variable stars -- 1.4 The Temperature of Stars -- 1.5 Stellar Radii -- 1.6 Estimating Stellar Masses -- 1.7 The Physical Properties of Main-Sequence Stars -- 1.8 Stellar Spin Rates -- 1.9 Summary -- 2. Producing Protostars - Embryonic Stars -- 2.1 Star-Forming Regions -- 2.2 The Formation of Dense Cool Clouds -- 2.3 Maser Emission from Star-Forming Regions -- 2.4 The Process of Protostar Formation -- 2.5 The Formation of Binary Systems -- 2.6 Modelling the Collapse of a Cloud -- 2.7 The Spin of Stars -- 2.8 Summary -- 3. The Life and Death of a Star -- 3.1 The Journey to the Main Sequence -- 3.2 Energy Generation in Main-Sequence Stars -- 3.3 Leaving the Main Sequence for Lowand Moderate-Mass Stars -- 3.4 The Evolution of Higher-Mass Stars -- 3.5 Summary -- 4. The Evolution of a Galactic Cluster -- 4.1 Embedded Clusters -- 4.2 The Formation of Massive Stars -- 4.3 The Embedded Cluster Environment and Binary Star Frequencies -- 4.4 The Progress of Star Formation in a Galactic Cluster -- 4.5 Summary -- 5. Exoplanets - Planets Around Other Stars -- 5.1 Planets Orbiting Neutron Stars -- 5.2 The Characteristics of Orbits -- 5.3 Planets Around Main-Sequence Stars -- Doppler-Shift Detection -- 5.4 The Direct Imaging of Exoplanets -- 5.5 Exoplanets and the Solar System -- 5.6 Summary -- 6. The Formation of Planets: The Capture Theory -- 6.1 The Interaction of a Star with a Protostar.

6.2 The Interaction of a Star with a High-Density Region -- 6.3 Summary -- 7. Orbital Evolution -- 7.1 The Nature of the Disk -- 7.2 The Force on a Planet Due to the Medium -- 7.2.1 Viscosity-based resistance -- 7.2.2 Mass-based resistance -- 7.3 Modelling the Medium and Details of the Calculation Method -- 7.4 Calculations of Orbital Decay and Round-off -- 7.5 Orbits of High Eccentricity -- 7.6 The Range of Semi-Major Axes -- 7.7 Simple Ratios of Orbital Periods -- 7.8 Stellar Spin Axes -- 7.9 Summary -- 8. The Frequency of Planetary Systems -- 8.1 Observations and Observational Constraints -- 8.2 Initial Formation Statistics -- 8.3 The Disruption of Planetary Systems -- 8.4 Summary -- 9. Satellite Formation -- 9.1 Angular Momentum Considerations -- 9.2 The Form of the Disk -- 9.3. The Settling of Dust -- 9.4 The Formation of Satellitesimals -- 9.5 Satellite Formation -- 9.6 Comments -- 9.7 Summary -- 10. Features of the Solar System -- 10.1 The Planets -- 10.1.1 The terrestrial planets -- 10.1.2 The major planets -- 10.1.3 Tilts of planetary spin axes -- 10.2 Satellites -- 10.2.1 The satellites of Jupiter -- 10.2.2 The satellites of Saturn -- 10.2.3 The satellites of Uranus -- 10.2.4 The satellites of Neptune -- 10.2.5 Other satellites -- 10.3 Dwarf Planets and the Kuiper Belt -- Ceres -- Pluto -- Haumea, Makemake and Eris -- 10.4 Asteroids -- 10.4.1 Types of asteroids and their orbits -- 10.4.2 The composition of asteroids -- 10.5 Comets -- 10.6 Summary -- 11. Interactions Between Planets -- 11.1 The Precession of Planetary Orbits -- 11.2 Close Interactions of Planets and the Tilts of Spin Axes -- 11.3 The Problem of the Terrestrial Planets -- 11.4 Deuterium and the Major Planets -- 11.5 Earth and Venus -- 11.6 Summary -- 12. The Moon -- 12.1 The Earth-Moon Relationship -- 12.2 Satellites of the Colliding Planets -- 12.3. Features of the Moon.

12.4 The Hemispherical Asymmetry of the Moon -- 12.5 The Evolution of the Moon's Orbit -- 12.6 Summary -- 13. Mars and Mercury -- 13.1 Larger Solid Bodies of the Solar System -- 13.2 Mars as a Satellite -- 13.2.1 The hemispherical asymmetry of Mars -- 13.2.2 Mars - now and in the past -- 13.2.3 The Martian spin axis and hemispherical asymmetry -- 13.3 Mercury as a Satellite -- 13.4 The Orbits, Spins and Tilts of Mercury and Mars -- 13.5 Summary -- 14. Neptune, Triton and Pluto -- 14.1 The Neptune -Pluto Relationship -- 14.2 The Strange Satellites of Neptune -- 14.3 The Neptune -Triton-Pluto Relationship Explained -- 14.4 Summary -- 15. Dwarf Planets, Asteroids, Comets and the Kuiper Belt -- 15.1 Dwarf Planets -- 15.1.1 Ceres -- 15.1.2 The outer dwarf planets -- 15.2 Asteroids and Comets -- 15.2.1 Asteroids -- 15.2.2 Comets and the Kuiper Belt -- 15.2.3 Long-period comets and the Oort cloud -- 15.2.4 The survival of the Oort cloud -- 15.3 Summary -- 16. Meteorites: Their Physical and Chemical Properties -- 16.1 The Broad Classes of Meteorites -- 16.2 The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Meteorites -- 16.2.1 Stony meteorites -- 16.2.2 Iron meteorites -- 16.2.3 Stony-iron meteorites -- 16.3 Interpreting the Physical Properties and Appearance of Meteorites -- 16.4 Summary -- 17. Isotopic Anomalies in Meteorites -- 17.1 Isotopes and Anomalies -- 17.2 The Planetary Collision and Nuclear Reactions -- 17.3. Explanations of the Anomalies -- 17.4 Individual Isotopic Anomalies and How -- 17.4.1 The oxygen anomaly -- 17.4.2 The magnesium anomaly -- 17.4.3 Neon in meteorites -- 17.4.4 Anomalies associated with silicon carbide -- 17.4.4.1 Silicon in silicon carbide -- 17.4.4.2 Carbon and nitrogen in silicon carbide -- 17.4.4.3 Neon in silicon carbide -- 17.5 General Remarks Concerning Isotopic Anomalies -- 17.6 Summary -- 18. Overview and Conclusions.

18.1 What Constitutes a Good Theory? -- 18.2 Protostars and Stars -- 18.3 Creating the Conditions for the Capture-Theory Process -- 18.4 The Capture-Theory Process -- 18.5 The Frequency of Planetary Systems -- 18.6 Satellite Formation -- 18.7 The Tilts of Spin Axes of the Planets and Stars -- 18.8 A Planetary Collision - Earth and Venus -- 18.9 The Moon, Mars and Mercury -- 18.10 Neptune, Triton and Pluto -- 18.11 Small Bodies of the Solar System -- 18.12 The Characteristics of Meteorites -- 18.13 Conclusions -- Appendix A: Angular Momentum -- Appendix B: Equipotential Surfaces of a Tidally Distorted Star -- Appendix C: The Instability of a Gaseous Filament -- Appendix D: The Jeans Critical Mass -- Appendix E: The Lynden-Bell and Pringle Mechanism -- Appendix F: Grains in Molecular Clouds -- Appendix G: The Structure of a Spiral Galaxy -- Appendix H: The Centre of Mass and the Orbits of Binary Stars -- Appendix I: The Doppler Effect -- Appendix J: Atomic Energy Levels and Stellar Spectra -- Appendix K: Stellar Masses from Observations of Binary Systems -- Appendix L: Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics -- Appendix M: Free-Fall Collapse -- Appendix N: Fragmentation and Binary Characteristics -- Appendix O: Spin Slowing Due to a Stellar wind -- Appendix P: The Virial Theorem and Kelvin-Helmholtz Contraction -- Appendix Q: The Lifetime of Stars on the Main Sequence -- Appendix R: The Eddington Accretion Mechanism -- Appendix S: The Mass and Orbit of an Exoplanet -- Appendix T: Radiation Pressure and the Poynting-Robertson Effect -- The Force Due to Radiation Pressure -- The Poynting-Robertson Effect -- Appendix U: Active Stars and Their Effect on a Stellar Disk -- The Cross-Section of Dust per Unit Volume of the Medium -- The Effect of Stellar Radiation -- The Effect of a Stellar Wind -- Variation of β with Time.

Appendix V: The Structure and Decay of a Stellar Disk -- The Gaussian Distribution -- The Exponential Distribution -- The Fall-Off Perpendicular to the Disk -- The Decay of the Disk -- Appendix W: The Formation of Exoplanets -- Selecting Protostars and Stars -- Positioning Stars -- Appendix X: Disrupting a Planetary System -- Appendix Y: From Dust to Satellitesimals -- The Rate of Growth of a Dust Particle by Brownian Motion -- The Speed of a Small Spherical Particle Falling Towards the Mean Plane -- Density to Withstand Tidal Disruption -- Appendix Z: From Satellitesimals to Satellites -- Appendix AA: The Tidal Heating of Io -- Elastic Hysteresis -- Tidal Stress in Io -- Appendix AB: The Trojan Asteroids -- Appendix AC: Orbital Precession -- Appendix AD: The Temperature Generated by Colliding Planets -- Uniform Streams and the Rankine-Hugoniot Equations -- Uniform Streams and the Von Neumann- Richtmyer Computational Method -- Limits of Specific Internal Energy -- Colliding Model Planets -- Appendix AE: Heating by Deuterium-Based Reactions -- Appendix AF: The Thermal Evolution of the Moon -- Appendix AG: The Abrasion of a Hemisphere of the Moon -- Appendix AH: The Rounding-off of a Highly Eccentric Satellite Orbit -- Appendix AI: Continental Drift on Mars -- Appendix AJ: The Oort Cloud and Perturbing Stars -- Appendix AK: Planetary Perturbation of New Comets -- Appendix AL: Reactions and Decays -- Appendix AM: Cooling and Grain Formation -- Cooling Rates -- Grain Formation -- Index.