Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Problems and issues -- 1.1.1 Exiles, Gentiles and Pauline Hermeneutics -- 1.1.2 Gentiles and grace -- 1.1.3 Continuity and discontinuity between Paul and Scripture -- 1.1.4 The hermeneutics of Ephesians and the undisputed Pauline letters -- 1.2 Methodology -- 1.2.1 Echoes of Scripture -- 1.2.2 The Hermeneutics of Faith -- 1.2.3 The Rhetoric of Citation -- 1.2.4 My own methodology -- Chapter 2: 'The Children of the Desolate Woman': Isa. 54:1 in Gal. 4:27 -- 2.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation -- 2.2 Isa. 54:1 in Gal. 4:27 -- 2.3 The function of the citation within Gal. 4:21-5:1 -- 2.4 The central problem -- 2.5 Isa. 54:1 in Second Temple Jewish interpretation -- 2.6 Proposed solutions -- 2.6.1 Paul's interpretation is determined by his christological and apocalyptic precommitments. -- 2.6.2 Paul's interpretation can be explained by intertextual echoes from Isaiah -- 2.7 Gal. 4:27 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter -- 2.8 Gal. 4:27 and the story of Israel in Galatians -- 2.8.1 The story of Israel in Gal. 3:1-4:11 -- 2.8.2 Paul's story in Gal. 2:15-21 -- 2.9 'She is our mother': Exiles and Gentiles in Gal. 4:27 -- Chapter 3: 'Come out from them': The Scripture Catena in 2 Cor. 6:16-18 -- 3.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation -- 3.2 The citations -- 3.2.1 Lev. 26:11-12 and Ezek. 37:27 in 2 Cor. 6:16c -- 3.2.2 Isa. 52:11 in 2 Cor. 6:17a -- 3.2.3 Ezek. 20:34 / 20:41 / 11:17 in 2 Cor. 6:17b -- 3.2.4 2 Sam. 7:14a and Isa. 43:6 in 2 Cor. 6:18a -- 3.3 The function of the citations within 2 Cor. 6:14-7:1 -- 3.3.1 Who are the ? -- 3.3.2 Pagan idolaters, Jewish-Christian and the unequally yoked Corinthians -- 3.4 The central problem -- 3.5 Proposed solutions.

3.5.1 Interpolation theories -- 3.5.2 Pesher exegesis -- 3.5.3 A salvation-historical hermeneutic -- 3.6 Lev. 26:11-12, Isa. 52:11 and 2 Sam. 7:14a in Second Temple Jewish interpretation -- 3.7 2 Cor. 6:16-18 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter -- 3.8 2 Cor. 6:16-18 and the story of Israel in 2 Corinthians -- 3.9 'Since we have these promises…': Jewish promises and Gentile readers -- Chapter 4: 'Not my People': Hos. 1:10 and 2:23 in Rom. 9:25-26 -- 4.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation -- 4.2 The citations -- 4.2.1 Hos. 2:23 (2:25 LXX, MT) in Rom. 9:25 -- 4.2.2 Hos. 1:10 (2:1 LXX, MT) in Rom. 9:26 -- 4.3 The function of the citations within Rom. 9:22-29 -- 4.4 The central problem -- 4.5 Proposed solutions -- 4.5.1 Hosea is speaking about Gentiles as well as Jews -- 4.5.2 Paul is speaking about Jews, not Gentiles -- 4.5.3 Paul alters or expands the reference of the scriptural text in the light of the 'mystery' revealed to him -- 4.5.4 Paul is arguing by analogy/type/pattern/principle. -- 4.6 Hos. 2:23 and 1:10 [2:25 and 2:1 LXX and MT] in Second Temple Jewish interpretation -- 4.7 Rom. 9:25-26 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter -- 4.8 Rom. 9:25-26 and the story of Israel in Romans -- 4.8.1 The story of Israel in Rom. 1-4 -- 4.8.2 The story of Israel in Rom. 5-8 -- 4.8.3 The story of Israel in Rom. 9-11 -- 4.8.4 The story of Israel in Rom. 12-16 -- 4.9 'Not my people': Exiles and Gentiles in Rom. 9:25-26 -- Chapter 5: 'You who were far off': Isa. 57:19 in Eph. 2:17 -- 5.1 Historical context and rhetorical situation -- 5.2 Isa. 57:19 in Eph. 2:17 -- 5.3 The function of the citation within Eph. 2:11-22 -- 5.4 The central problem -- 5.5 Proposed solutions -- 5.5.1 The writer may not be citing Isa. 57:19 at all.

5.5.2 The writer understood Isa. 57:19 as including a reference to Gentiles among the 'far' -- 5.5.3 The writer's interpretation of Isa. 57:19 is in line with a developing Jewish interpretive tradition -- 5.5.4 The writer's interpretation of Isa. 57:19 is informed by the eschatologically revealed 'mystery' of Gentile inclusion -- 5.6 Isa. 57:19 in Second Temple Jewish interpretation -- 5.7 Eph. 2:17 within the hermeneutical framework of the letter -- 5.8 Eph. 2:17 and the story of Israel in Ephesians -- 5.8.1 The story of Israel in Eph. 1:3-14 -- 5.8.2 The story of Israel in Eph. 2:1-10 -- 5.9 'You who were far off…': Exiles and Gentiles in Eph. 2:17 -- Chapter 6: Conclusion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Summaries -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Gal. 4:27 -- 6.2.3 2 Cor. 6:16-18 -- 6.2.4 Rom. 9:25-26 -- 6.2.5 Eph. 2:17 -- 6.3 Comparisons -- 6.3.1 Common threads -- 6.3.2 Distinctive features -- 6.4 Implications -- 6.4.1 Paul and Scripture -- 6.4.2 Grace and Gentiles -- 6.5 Avenues for further exploration -- Bibliography -- Index of Ancient Texts -- Index of Modern Authors.