Contents -- Foreword -- Abstract -- Executive Summary -- 1. Overview of Catalysis by Nanostructured Materials Robert J. Davis -- 1.1 Introduction to the Study -- 1.2 Approach and Methodologies -- 1.3 Report Structure -- 1.3.1 Bibliometric analysis -- 1.4 Investment Models and Trends -- 1.4.1 The United States -- 1.4.2 Asia -- 1.4.3 Western Europe -- 1.4.4 Summary -- 1.5 General Observations -- 1.6 Technical Themes of the Study -- 1.7 Conclusions -- References -- 2. Synthesis of Nanostructured Catalysts Raul F. Lobo -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rhenium Clusters in Zeolite ZSM-5 -- 2.3 Novel Propene Partial Oxidation Catalysts -- 2.4 Mesoporosity Designed into Microporous Catalysts -- 2.4.1 Micro-mesoporous zeolites by design of organic-inorganic surfactants -- 2.4.2 Micro-mesoporous zeolites from carbon templates -- 2.4.3 Micro-mesoporous catalysts by assembly of nanoparticles -- 2.5 Synthesis of Extra-Large-Pore Zeolite ITQ-33 -- 2.6 Heteropolyanions as Precursors for Desulfurization Catalysts -- 2.7 Final Remarks -- References -- 3. Spectroscopic Characterization of Nanostructured Catalysts Jeffrey T. Miller -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Laboratory Characterization Methods -- 3.2.1 Overview -- 3.2.2 New spectroscopic capabilities and adaptations to standard laboratory instruments -- 3.2.2.1 In situ UV/Vis spectroscopy for zeolites -- 3.2.2.2 Catalyst preparation -- 3.2.2.3 Catalyst surface-adsorbate spectroscopies -- 3.2.2.4 Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy -- 3.2.2.5 Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy -- 3.2.2.6 Spectroscopies for catalytic reactors -- 3.2.2.7 Magnetic resonance imaging of catalyst beds -- 3.2.2.8 New instrument development -- 3.3 Synchrotron Methods -- 3.3.1 Overview -- 3.3.2 Scattering techniques -- 3.3.2.1 X-ray absorption spectroscopy -- 3.3.2.2 High-energy resolution XANES -- 3.3.2.3 Spacially resolved XAS.

3.3.3 Millibar XPS at BESSY synchrotron (Germany) -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4. Electron and Tunneling Microscopy of Nanostructured Catalysts Renu Sharma -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Overview of high resolution characterization techniques -- 4.1.1.1 Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) -- 4.1.1.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -- 4.1.1.3 Scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM/TEM) -- 4.1.1.4 Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) -- 4.1.1.5 Photo emission electron microscopy (PEEM) -- 4.2 General Characterization of Catalyst Particles -- 4.3 Nanostructure Characterization Under Working Conditions -- 4.3.1 Effect of environment on surface structure and reactivity -- 4.3.1.1 Sintering -- 4.3.1.2 Oxygen spillover -- 4.3.1.3 Synthesis of catalyst particles -- 4.3.1.4 Redox process -- 4.3.1.5 Catalyst poisoning: Synthesis of carbon nanotubes -- 4.4 Future Trends -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- 5. Theory and Simulation in Catalysis Matthew Neurock -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Computational Catalysis:Where Are We Today? -- 5.3 Methods and Their Applications -- 5.3.1 Electronic structure methods -- 5.3.2 Atomic and molecular simulations -- 5.3.3 Dynamics -- 5.3.4 Kinetics -- 5.4 Snapshot of the Efforts in Europe and Asia -- 5.4.1 Europe -- 5.4.2 Asia -- 5.4.3 Comparison of Europe, Asia, and the United States -- 5.5 Universal Trends -- 5.5.1 The good news -- 5.5.2 The not-so-good news -- 5.6 Examples of Applications of Theory and Simulation -- 5.6.1 Connecting theory and spectroscopy -- 5.6.2 Modeling more realistic reaction environments -- 5.6.3 Applications to energy -- 5.6.4 Simulating catalytic performance -- 5.6.5 Design in heterogeneous catalysis -- 5.6.6 From theory to synthesis -- 5.7 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- 6. Applications: Energy from Fossil Resources Levi Thompson -- 6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Production of Liquid Fuels -- 6.2.1 Catalysts for petroleum refining -- 6.2.1.1 Institut Français du Pétrole -- 6.2.1.2 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) -- 6.2.2 Catalysts for syngas conversion -- 6.2.2.1 University of Utrecht (The Netherlands) -- 6.2.2.2 Institute of Coal Chemistry/Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) -- 6.3 Production of Hydrogen -- 6.3.1 University of Udine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) -- 6.3.2 University of Trieste, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) -- 6.3.3 Instituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (Italy) -- 6.3.4 Tokyo Metropolitan University Department of Applied Chemistry -- 6.3.5 Tsinghua University (China) -- 6.3.6 Tianjin University (China) -- 6.4 Fuel Cell Research -- 6.4.1 University of Trieste, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) -- 6.4.2 Tsinghua University (China) -- 6.4.3 Tianjin University (China) -- 6.5 Environmental Catalysis -- 6.6 Three-Way Catalysis -- 6.6.1 Toyota Motor Corporation, Higashi-Fuji Technical Center -- 6.6.2 NOx selective catalytic reduction -- 6.6.2.1 Toyota Motor Corporation, Higashi-Fuji Technical Center -- 6.6.2.2 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) -- 6.6.3 CO2 reduction -- 6.6.3.1 University of Messina (UNIME -- Italy) -- 6.6.3.2 University of Tsukuba (Japan) -- 6.6.3.3 Institute of Coal Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences -- 6.7 Summary -- 6.7.1 Project highlights: Energy-centered catalysis R&D -- 6.7.1.1 European Union -- 6.7.1.2 Asia -- 6.7.2 Regional characteristics of catalysis R&D for improving fossil energy production -- 6.7.2.1 European Union -- 6.7.2.2 Asia -- References -- 7. Applications: Chemicals from Fossil Resources Vadim V. Guliants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Alkylation -- 7.3 Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation -- 7.3.1 Dehydrogenation -- 7.3.2 Hydrogenation -- 7.4 Selective Oxidation.

7.4.1 Selective oxidation catalysis by nanosized gold and other noble metals -- 7.4.2 Selective oxidation of lower alkanes by bulk mixed metal oxides -- 7.4.3 Catalytic behavior of Mo-V-(Te-Nb)-O M1 phase catalysts -- 7.4.4 On cooperation of M1 and M2 phases in propane ammoxidation -- 7.4.5 Surface termination of M1 phase -- 7.5 Future Trends -- References -- 8. Applications: Renewable Fuels and Chemicals George Huber -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Key Observations -- 8.3 Biomass Conversion -- 8.3.1 Biomass feedstocks -- 8.3.2 Liquid fuels from biomass -- 8.3.3 Biomass gasification and syngas conversion -- 8.3.4 Fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading -- 8.3.5 Liquid-phase/aqueous-phase catalytic processing -- 8.3.6 Vegetable oil conversion -- 8.3.7 Chemicals from biomass -- 8.3.8 Bibliometric analysis of catalysis and biofuels -- 8.4 Photocatalytic Water Splitting -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Appendix 1: Panelists' Biographies -- Appendix 2: Bibliometric Analysis of Catalysis Research, 1996-2005 -- Appendix 3: Glossary -- Index.