Front cover -- Handbook of Benzoxazine Resins -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Overview and Historical Background of Polybenzoxazine Research -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Nomenclature -- 1.2. Historical Development of Benzoxazines and Polybenzoxazines -- 2. Benzoxazine chemistry -- 3. Polymerization mechanisms -- 4. Unique properties of benzoxazines and polybenzoxazines -- 4.1. Near-Zero Volume Changes -- 4.2. Low Water Absorption -- 4.3. Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) -- 4.4. Fast Physical and Mechanical Property Development -- 4.5. Very High Char Yield -- 5. Molecular origin of unusual properties -- 6. Historical development of monomeric benzoxazines -- 7. Recent development of high molecular weight benzoxazines -- 7.1. Main-Chain Type -- 7.2. Side-Chain Type -- 7.3. Telechelic Type -- 8. Benzoxazines combined with other polymerizing groups -- 8.1. Combination with Polymerizable Groupby Itself -- 8.2. Combination with PotentiallyPolymerizable Group with an AppropriatePartner -- 9. Various technologies attractive for applications -- 9.1. Processibility/Rheological Properties -- 9.2. Increased Rate of Polymerization -- 9.3. Improved Toughness -- 9.4. Property Modification by Blending -- 9.5. Property Modification by Copolymerizing with Nonbenzoxazine Monomers -- 9.6. Flammability Control -- 9.7. Electrical Properties -- 9.8. Composite and Nanocomposite Manufacturing -- 9.9. Very Low Surface Energy -- 9.10. Benzoxazines from Renewable Resources -- 9.11. High Surface Area Materials/Selective Adsorption/membrane -- 9.12. Optical Properties -- 9.13. Electropolymerization -- 10. Characterization of benzoxazines -- 10.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy -- 10.2. Raman Spectroscopy -- 10.3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) -- 10.4. Thermal and Thermomechanical Characterization.

10.5. Mass Spectrometry -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Physical and Chemical Properties of Benzoxazine Resins -- Chapter 2: Benzoxazine Chemistry in Solution and Melt -- 1. Synthesis of benzoxazine monomers in homogeneous solution -- 2. Synthesis of benzoxazine monomers in heterogeneous solution -- 3. Synthesis of benzoxazine monomers by melt or high solid methods -- 4. Benzoxazine ring formation mechanism -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Molecular Modeling -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chemical reaction -- 3. Structure analysis -- 4. Structure-property relationship -- 5. Summary and remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Mono-Substituted Phenol-Based Benzoxazines: Inevitable Dimerization Via Self-Termination and Its Metal Complexatio -- 1. Chemistry and development of benzoxazines -- 2. Ring opening reaction of mono-substituted phenol-based benzoxazines: dimerization of benzoxazines and its self-termination -- 3. Single crystallography of monofunctional benzoxazine dimer -- 4. Asymmetric reaction of monofunctional benzoxazine dimer -- 5. Benzoxazine dimer and its metal ion complexation -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Using Molecular Simulation to Predict the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polybenzoxazines -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1. Samples -- 2.2. Instrumentation and Software -- 2.3. The Rationale for Using Molecular Simulation -- 2.4. The Methodology of Building a Realistic Structure for MM and MD Simulations -- 2.5. Calculation of physical and mechanicalpro perties -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1. The Influence of Hydrogen Bonding in the Benzoxazine Structure -- 3.2. Comparison of Mechanical Properties -- 3.3. Use of MO to Examine Small Structural Motifs -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Chemorheology of Benzoxazine-based Resins -- 1. Introduction.

2. Chemorheology of benzoxazine-based resins -- 2.1. Chemorheological Properties of Arylamine-Based Benzoxazine Resins -- 2.2. Chemorheological Properties of BA-a/Phenol-Aniline Type (Ph-a) Resin Mixtures -- 2.3. Chemorheology of Benzoxazine Resin Modified with Epoxy Resin -- 2.4. Chemorheological Behaviors of BA-a/PU Resin Mixtures -- 3. Gelation of benzoxazine-based resins investigated by FTMS -- 3.1. Rheological Property Measurement for Gel Point Determination -- 3.2. Gelation Behaviors of BA-a Resin Modified with Monofunctional Benzoxazine Resin -- 3.3. Gelation Behavior of Benzoxazine Resins Modified with Epoxy -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Polymerization Kinetics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Kinetic analysis of resin polymerization reaction -- 2.1. Mechanism and Kinetic Equations -- 2.2. Methods for Determining Kinetic Parameters -- 2.3. Polymerization Reaction of Benzoxazine Resins and Their Copolymer System -- 2.4. Polymerization Reaction of Benzoxazine-Epoxy Copolymers -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Electrochemical Polymerization of Benzoxazines -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 2.1. Synthesis of p-Toluidine Based Benzoxazine Monomer (pC-pt) -- 2.2. Electrochemical Polymerization and the RRDE Experiments -- 3. Electrochemical polymerization of benzoxazines -- 3.1. Electrochemical Behavior of pC-pt -- 3.2. Structural Characterization -- 3.3. The Proposed Electrochemical Polymerization Mechanism -- 3.4. Heat-Resistance Property of Polybenzoxazines -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Light-Induced Reactions of Benzoxazines and Derivatives -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Free radical systems -- 3. Cationic systems -- 4. Photodimerization -- 5. UV stability of benzoxazine resins -- 6. Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 10: Effect of Neighboring Groups on Enhancing Benzoxazine Autocatalytic Polymerization -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Polymerization mechanism of benzoxazine monomers -- 3. Substituted benzoxazine monomers -- 3.1. Electron-Withdrawing and Electron-Donating Substituents -- 3.2. Alkyl Functional Benzoxazine Monomers -- 3.3. Allyl-Functional Benzoxazine Monomers -- 4. Carboxylic acid functional benzoxazine monomers -- 5. Hydroxyl-functional benzoxazine monomers -- 5.1. Oxy-Alcohol Functional BenzoxazineMonomers -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Catalytic Opening of Lateral Benzoxazine Rings by Thiols -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.2. Benzoxazine Monomer Synthesis -- 2.3. Linear Aromatic Polymer Synthesis -- 2.4. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Conversion Studies and Mass SpectrometryAnalysis -- 2.5. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) -- 2.6. Size Exclusion Chromatography -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1. Thermosets -- 3.2. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis -- 3.3. B-Staging -- 3.4. Model Reactions of Benzoxazine with Thiol -- 3.5. 1H . . . 13C gHMBC -- 3.6. 1H NMR -- 3.7. Reactivity of Benzoxazines Derived fromAliphatic Amines -- 3.8. Reactivity of Benzoxazines Derived fromAromatic Amines -- 4. Proposed colbert reaction mechanism -- 5. Linear aromatic polymers -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Physical and Chemical Properties of Cross-Linked Polybenzoxazines -- Chapter 12: Hydrogen Bonding of Polybenzoxazines -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure of hydrogen bonding -- 2.1. Characterization of Hydrogen Bonding -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Thermal Properties Enhancement of Polybenzoxazines: The Role of Additional Non-Benzoxazine Polymerizable Groups -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Polymerization of benzoxazine monomers -- 3. Polybenzoxazine thermal stability.

4. Additional cross-linking sites in benzoxazine structure -- 5. Alkyne functional benzoxazine -- 5.1. Ethynyl- and Phenylethynyl-FunctionalBenzoxazine Monomers -- 5.2. Propargyl-Functional BenzoxazineMonomers -- 5.3. Diacetylene Containing BenzoxazineMonomers -- 6. Alkene-functional benzoxazine -- 6.1. Allylphenol-Based BenzoxazineMonomers -- 6.2. Allyl Amine-Based BenzoxazineMonomers -- 7. Nitrile-functional benzoxazine monomers -- 8. Maleimide-functional benzoxazine monomers -- 9. Epoxy functional benzoxazine -- 10. Methacrylate-functional benzoxazine -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Thermal Degradation Mechanisms of Polybenzoxazines -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermal characteristics of polybenzoxazines -- 2.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis of Polybenzoxazines -- 2.2. Evolved Gas Analyses (EGA) of Polybenzoxazines by FTIR -- 2.3. Evolved Gas Analyses (EGA) ofPolybenzoxazines by GC-MS -- 2.4. DP-MS Analysis of Polybenzoxazines -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Main-Chain, Side-Chain, Telechelic, and Supramolecular Benzoxazine Architectures -- Chapter 15: Various Approaches for Main-Chain Type Benzoxazine Polymers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Polymeric mannich base condensation -- 2.1. Condensation of Classical Diamines withBisphenols -- 2.2. Amine-Terminated Siloxanes -- 2.3. Amine-Terminated Polyether -- 3. Polymers with mannich condensation of ab-type -- 4. Chain extension through reactive benzoxazine monomers -- 4.1. MCBP Through CondensationPolymerization -- 4.2. MCBP Through Addition Reactions -- 4.3. Coupling Reactions -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Side- and End-Chain Benzoxazine Functional Polymers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Side-chain benzoxazine functional polymers -- 3. Benzoxazine telechelics -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Supramolecular Chemistry of Benzoxazines.

1. Concept of supramolecules.