MATERIALS ON LEFT DISLOCATION -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Preface -- Table of contents -- Left Dislocation -- 1. Some early history -- 2. Against a copying analysis -- 3. A preliminary typology of LD-constructions -- 4. Left Dislocation, Topicalization and Relative Clause Construction -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Part I : Basic Texts -- Left Dislocation in Dutch and Status of Copying Rules -- 2.1. Epithets -- 2.2. Reflexives and reciprocals -- 2.3. Idiomatic NP's -- 2.4. Verb second -- 2.5. Imperatives and direct yes-no questions -- 2.6. The only one fronting per S constraint -- 2.7. Conditions -- 2.8. er-insertion -- Notes -- References -- On Left Dislocation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Is there a rule of Left Dislocation? -- 2.1 Left dislocation is not a pronoun-leaving version of Topicalization -- 2.1.1 Instance where one rule applies, but not the other -- 2.1.2 Semantic differences -- 2.2 Arguments against the existence of Left Dislocation as a grammatical transformation -- 3. A non-transformational source for left dislocations -- 4. A counterexample from German -- 5. Is there a rule of Right Dislocation? -- Notes -- References -- On the Source of Lefthand NPs in French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Epithets -- 2.1. Topicalization -- 2.2. Left Dislocation -- 3. Definite Descriptions -- 4. The Base Rule Analysis -- 5. Pronominal Anaphors -- 5.1. Ross's Constraints -- 5.2. Other Difficulties -- 6. Further Properties of Lefthand NPs -- 6.1. Embedded Sentences -- 6.2. Accumulation of Lefthand NPs -- 6.3. Position of the Lefthand NPs -- Notes -- References -- Left Dislocation, Connectedness and Reconstruction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Syntactic connectedness -- 2. 1 Idioms with bound pronouns -- 2.2 Reflexives and reciprocals -- 2.3 Crossover -- 2.4 Quantifiers -- 2.4.1 Pronouns and quantifiers.

2.4.2 Scope-phenomena -- 2.5 Case connectedness -- 2.5.1 Reflexives -- 2.5.2 Reciprocals -- 2.5.3 Bound pronouns in idiomatic expressions -- 2.5.4 Idiom chunks -- 2.5.5 Quantifier scope -- 2.5.6 Bound pronouns -- 2.5.7 Crossover -- 3. Theoretical discussion -- 3.1 The analysis of HTLD-structures -- 3.2 The analysis of CLD-structures -- 3.3 The T-model -- 3.4 The NP-structure model -- 3.5 Mixed left dislocation -- 3.6 Clitic left dislocation -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 'Topic' Constructions in Some European Languages and 'Connectedness' -- Notes -- References -- Contrastive Dislocation in Dutch and Icelandic -- 1. Arguments for the T-analysis of the CD-construction -- 1.1 Arguments based on Icelandic -- 1.1.1 Casemarking (cf. Thráinsson, 1979: 61 -- 1.1.2 Reflexives -- 1.1.3 Categorical restrictions -- 1.1.4 Root versus non-root sentences -- 1.1.5 Pronominalization constraints -- 1.2 Arguments based on Dutch -- 1.2.1 Category restrictions -- 1.2.2 Reflexives and Reciprocals -- 1.2.3 Pronouns bound by a quantifier -- 1.2.4 Backwards Pronominalization -- 2. An Analysis of Contrastive Dislocation -- 2.1 The basics of the analysis -- 2.2 The status of the pronominal copy -- 2.2.1 Epithets in the CD-construction -- 2.2.2 The distribution of resumptive pronouns -- 2.2.3 The anaphoric copy as adjunct -- 2.3 The constituent structure of CD-sentences -- 2.3.1 Constituent structure in Icelandic -- 2.3.2 Constituent structure in Dutch -- 3. C-structure interactions -- 4. Some Semantic properties of the CD-construction -- 4.2 Further Predictions -- 4.2.1 Opaque contexts -- 4.2.2 Existential sentences -- 4.2.3 Idiom chunks -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Current Developments -- Clitic Left Dislocation and Contrastive Left Disclocation -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Types of Left Dislocation -- 1.1. Overview.

1.2. Connectedness and Island Sensitivity: HTLD vs. CLLD -- 2. Clitic Left Dislocation and Contrastive Left Dislocation -- 2.1. Motivating a uniform treatment -- 2.2. Deriving the differences -- 2.3. Why is CLLD impossible in Gertnan and Dutch? -- 3. Cinque's Paradox -- 3.1. Island Sensitivity -- 3.2. A Note on Connectivity -- 4. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Dislocation, Resumption and Weakest Crossover -- 1. An LF-Movement Analysis Of Resumptive Pronouns -- 1.1. Overt S-structure Movement Of Resumptive Pronouns -- 1.2. Resumptive Pronouns vs. Intrusive Pronouns -- 1.3. The Distribution of Resumptive Pronouns -- 1.3.1. Resumptive Pronouns in Egyptian and Palestinian -- 1.3.2. Resumptive Pronouns in Standard Arabic (SA) and Hebrew -- 1.4. The Highest Subject Restriction (HSR) -- 1.5. Resumptive Pronouns Co-occur with Gaps in ATB Constructions -- 2. Against a Movement Analysis of Resumptive Pronouns: Weak Crossover -- 2.1. Lasnik & Stowell (1991): Weakest Crossover -- 2.2. Resumptive Pronouns trigger Weak Crossover -- 2.3. S-structure Movement of Resumptive Pronouns in Hebrew -- 2.4. Anaphoric Epithets -- 2.5. Null Epithets Trigger Weak Crossover -- 2.6. Weakest Crossover: Topicalisation vs. Left-Dislocation -- 2.7. Weakest Crossover Revisited -- 2.8. The Syntax of Left-dislocation vs. Topicalisation. -- 2.9. Deletion under Identity and Chains -- 2.9.1 Back to S-structure movement of Resumptive Pronouns in Hebrew -- 2.10. The Semantics of Dislocation: Gaps vs. Resumptive Pronouns -- 3. Conclusion -- 3.1. Strict Coreference and WCO -- 3.2. On The Syntax of Dislocation Structures -- Notes -- References -- Clitic Left Dislocation and other Relatives -- 1. The Lefthand Phrase as "Old Information" -- 2. Syntax -- 2.1. Preliminaries -- 2.1.1. Connectedness -- 2.1.2. Islands -- 2.1.3. ComplemenTary Distribution with Preverbal Focus.

2.1.4. Lack of Subject inversion -- 2.2. Cinque's (1990) Analysis of CLLD and Its Spanish Counterpart -- 3. The Structural Representation of Relatives -- 3.1. Two types of Relative Clauses -- 3.1.1. A doubly filled "COMP" -- 3.1.2. Resumptive clitics -- 3.1.3. Strong quantifiers -- 3.1.4. Parasitic gaps -- 3.1.5. Weak Crossover -- 3.1.6. OPC effects -- 3.1.7. A Summary and Conclusion -- 3.2. The link to Appositives -- 3.2.1. Strong pronouns -- 3.2.2. Weak Crossover -- 3.2.3. Conclusion -- 4. The copy-theory of movement -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Left Dislocation and Split Topics in Brabant Dutch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Problem -- 3. Split Topics in Brabant Dutch -- 3.1. Split Left Dislocation -- 3.2. The topic -- 3.3. The remnant -- 3.4. The d-pronoun -- 4. An Analysis -- 4.1. SCLD: a doubling phenomenon -- 4.1.1. The d-pronoun does not stem from the remnant -- 4.1.2. The remnant as an elliptic category -- 4.1.3. The syntactic positions of the d-pronoun -- 4.1.4. Some theoretical questions -- 4.2. Unifying (S)T and (S)CLD -- 4.2.1. Some problems for the left dislocation analysis of T -- 4.2.2. The d-pronoun as an operator-licensing head -- 4.3. Empirical advantages -- 4.4. The referential properties of the d-pronoun -- 4.5. Residual questions -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Parasitic Operators in German Left-Dislocation -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Problem -- 2. The Proposal -- 3. Motivating the analysis -- 3.1. Theoretical motivation -- 3.1.1. Being in an operator-variable chain is the only possibility for the LDed constituent to be licensed -- 3.1.2. What are 'parasitic Operators'? -- 3.1.3. The prohibition against quantificational elements being LDed derivesfrom the bijection principle. -- 3.1.4. Why is there no chain between POp and TOp? -- 3.1.5. The pronoun cannot be deleted -- 3.1.6. Other instances of LD.

3.1.7. Just one case and Θ-position per chain -- 3.2. Empirical motivation -- 3.2.1. Selectional restrictions are still available in LD position -- 3.2.2. Matching and LDed constituents other than 'referential' NPs -- 3.3. Conclusion. Licensing and Antecedence. -- 4. Some more predictions -- 4.1. Verb second - LD vs. relative clauses -- 4.2. LD is possible whenever Topicalization is possible -- 5. German LD, empty topics and CLLD (a crosslinguistic overview) -- 5.1. Empty Topics -- 5.1.1. Only one constituent -- 5.2. LD vs. CLLD -- 5.3. LD vs Hanging Topic -- 6.Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- INDEX.