LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STUDIES IN GENERATIVE GRAMMAR -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Tables and Figures -- Abbreviations -- Contributors -- Introduction On the Initial States of Language Acquisition -- 1. Introductory Remarks -- 2. Overview of Papers -- 3. Concluding Remarks -- References -- V2, Null Arguments and COMP Projections -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verb Second -- 3. Null Arguments -- 4. A Learnability Argument for COMP -- 4.1 V-to-C in Icelandic Child Language -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Crosslinguistic Evidence for Functional Projections in Early Child Grammar -- 1. Background -- 2. The Comparative Acquisition Data -- 2.1. Negation in English and French Acquisition -- 2.2. Subjects in English and French Acquisition -- 2.3. Comparative German Acquisition -- 3. Verb Movement to COMP -- 3.1. Evidence from Swedish -- 3.2. Evidence from French -- 3.3. Evidence from English -- 3.4. U-shaped Development -- 4. The Optionality of V-to-C -- 4.1. An Economy Account -- 4.2. Empty Auxiliaries -- 4.3. Distinctions in Parameter Setting -- 5. Summary -- Notes -- References -- The Seeds of Structure A Syntactic Analysis of the Acquisition of Case Marking -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical Considerations -- 2.1. Theories of Phrase Structure Development -- 2.2. Assumptions on Phrase Structure Positions -- 2.3. Assumptions on the Developmental Relation between Case Marking and Phrase Structure -- 3. Case Marking and Phrase Structure in Adult German -- 3.1. Case Morphology -- 3.2. Phrase Structure -- 4. Results on German Child Language -- 4.1. Hypotheses -- 4.2. Data -- 4.3. Overview -- 4.4. The Acquisition of the Prenominal Genitive -- 4.5. The Prenominal Genitive and the Structure of Noun Phrases -- 4.6. The Acquisition of Accusative and Dative -- 4.7. Preliminary Summary.

5. Case Marking and Phrase Structure in Adult Finnish -- 6. Results on Finnish Child Language -- 6.1. Hypotheses -- 6.2. Results -- 7. Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- From Adjunct to Head -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Three Types of Categories -- 1.2. Functional Categories: The acquisitional debate -- 2. Negation and Modality -- 2.1. Some Properties of Dutch Syntax -- 2.2. Negative Modals in Early Dutch -- 2.2.1. Two Negatives and Their Distrib ution -- 2.2.2. Finite and Nonfinite Clauses -- 2.2.3. Modals -- 2.4. The Syntactic Representation of Negative Modals -- 2.5. The Triggering of Reanalysis -- 3. Scrambling and Subscrambling -- 3.1. Scrambling in the Adult System -- 3.2. The Development of Scrambling -- 3.3. The Phenomenon of Subscrambling -- 4. Two Speculative Other Examples -- 4.1. Degree Extractions -- 4.2. Embedded Clauses -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Early Null Subjects and Root Null Subjects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some Structural Properties of Early Null Subjects -- 3. Subject Drop in Diaries -- 4. Topic Drop -- 5. Null Constants -- 6. Discourse Identified Null Elements Revisited -- 7. Cross-linguistic Variation and Developmental Sequence -- 8. Speculations on Developmental Correlations -- 9. Root Expletive Subjects -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Asking Questions without CPs? On the Acquisition of Root wh-Questions in Bernese Swiss German and Standard German -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. The Data: Early Root Constituent Questions in German and Bernese -- 3. The Analysis -- 3.1. Preliminaries -- 3.2. The 'Inverted' Structures -- 3.3. The V-end Structures -- 3.4. On Dummy Copula Constructions -- 4. Relating the Analysis to the Proposed Solutions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Successful Cyclic Movement -- 1. Introduction.

1.1. Evidence in Favor of Successive Cyclic Movement -- 1.2. Evidence against Successive Cyclic Movement -- 1.2.1. The No Movement Stage -- 1.2.2. The Local Movement Stage -- 2. The Experiments: Testing Between the Comp eting Accounts -- 2.1. Experiment 1: Elicitation of Adjunct Extraction Qu estions -- 2.1.1. Method -- 2.1.1.1. Subjects -- 2.1.1.2. Materials -- 2.1.1.3. Procedures -- 2.1.2. Results -- 2.2. Experiment 2. Comparison of Comprehension and Production Data -- 2.2.1. Method -- 22.1.1. Subjects -- 2.2.1.2. Materials -- 2.2.1.3. Procedures -- 2.2.2. Results -- 2.3. Experiment 3. Interpretation of Long-Distance Questions -- 2.3.1. Method -- 2.3.1.1. Subjects -- 2.3.1.2. Materials -- 2.3.2. Results -- 2.4. Experiment 4. An Experiment in the Manipulation of Pragmatics -- 2 4.1. Method -- 2.4.1.1. Subjects -- 2.4.1.2. Materials -- 2.4.1.3. Procedures -- 2.4.2. Results -- 3. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Early Acquisition of Scrambling in Japanese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Production Data -- 3. Experiment -- 3.1. Linguistic Background -- 3.2. Method -- 3.3. Results -- 3.4. Discussion -- 4. Young Children's Case Marking -- 5. Conclusion -- Appendix -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Direct Access to X'-Theory Evidence from Korean and Turkish Adults Learning German -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. L2 Acquisition Compared to L1 Acquisition -- 1.1.1. Adult Access to UG -- 1.1.2. The Weak Continuity Approach -- 1.2. Syntactic Background -- 1.2.1. Word Order in the VP -- 1.2.2. Word Order in the IP -- 1.2.3. Empty Subjects -- 1.2.4. Subject-Verb Agreement -- 2. Methods and Materials -- 2.1. Data Collection -- 2.2. Preliminary Analysis of the Data -- 3. Crosslinguistic Data as Developmental Data -- 3.1. The Implicational Table -- 3.2. The Implicational Scale and the Developmental Stages -- 4. Stages of Development.

4.1. The First Stage: The VP Stage -- 4.2. The Third Stage: The AGRP Stage -- 4.3. The Second Stage: The FP Stage -- 4.3.1. Verb Raising and Agreement -- 4.3.2. Empty Subjects -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Word Order and Nominative Case in Non-Native Language Acquisition A Longitudinal Study of (L1 Turkish) German Interlanguage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Clause Structure in Turkish and German -- 3. Mechanisms for Nominative Case Checking -- 4. The L2 Data -- 4.1. The Subject -- 4.2. The Corpus -- 4.3. The Interlanguage Developmental Path -- 4.3.1. Stage 1 (22 October 1982 to 10 February 1983) -- 4.3.2. Stage 2 (9 June 1983 through 16 May 1984) -- 4.3.3. Stage 3 (5 August 1984) -- 4.3.4. Summary of the Stages -- 5. The Analysis -- 5.1. Stage 1 -- 5.2. Stage 2 -- 5.3. Stage 3 -- 6. Speculations on Etiology and Learnability in Adult L2A -- 6.1. The Etiology of Stage 1 -- 6.2. The Etiology of Stage 2 -- 6.3. The Etiology of Stage 3 -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Optionality and the Initial State in L2 Development -- 1. Introduction -- 2. "If the Verb Can Move, It Must Move" -- 3. Features and Values -- 4. 'Optional Inversion' in L2 -- 5. Strong agreement and the optional inversion period? -- 6. The acquisition of tense -- 7. Agreement -- 8. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Index of Languages -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.