Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- Figures -- Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter One: Objectives, Background, Context -- Chapter Two: Population Trends in China and India: Demographic Dividend or Demographic Drag? -- Population Growth and Its Components -- Birth Rates -- Death Rates -- Population Growth Rates -- Age-Sex Structure of the Population -- Working-Age and Dependent Populations -- Youth -- Working-Age Population -- Older Population -- Dependency Ratios -- Sex Ratios -- Opportunity to Reap a Demographic Dividend -- Education -- Health -- Women in the Economy -- Infrastructure -- Other Implications of Changes in Population Age-Sex Composition -- Implications of Gender Imbalances and the Changing Composition of "Dependents" -- Implications for the Armed Forces -- Regional Differences -- Uncertainties and Alternative Scenarios -- Summary Assessment of the Relative Strengths and Weaknesses Brought About by Demographic Trends in China and India -- Chapter Three: China-India: A Macroeconomic Assessment -- Introduction: Forecasts of Economic Growth in China and India -- Studies by Academic Authors and Institutions -- Studies by Business Organizations and Authors -- Studies by International Organizations -- Similarities and Differences Among the Clusters -- Five Growth Scenarios and Concluding Observations -- Chapter Four: Science and Technology -- Introduction -- Highlights and Global Trends -- Global Trends -- China -- India -- Quality and Comparability of S&E Diplomas and the Skilled Diaspora -- Quality of Engineers Compared -- Graduate and Postgraduate Engineering -- Emerging Models of Diaspora Mobilization -- Science and Technology Forecast: India and China in 2025 -- Projection -- Discussion -- A Qualitative Look at China's and India's Innovation.

"Reverse Innovation" and the Bottom of the Pyramid -- High-End Innovation -- Other Approximations to R&D -- Conclusions -- Chapter Five: Chinese and Indian Defense and Defense Procurement Spending to 20251 -- Analytic Approach -- Baseline Estimates for China -- Baseline Estimates for India -- Baseline Estimate of Indian Defense Procurement Spending -- Comparative Forecasts of Defense and Defense Procurement Spending in 2025 -- Growth Rate Forecasts of Defense Spending in 2025 -- Parametric Defense Spending Forecasts Based on Varied Assumptions About Real GDP Growth Rates and Defense Shares of GDP -- Growth Rate Forecasts of Defense Procurement Spending in 2025 -- Broader Comparisons -- Update: The Chinese and Indian 2010 Defense Budgets -- Chinese Defense Spending in 2010 -- Indian Defense Spending in 2010 -- India or China: Which Is Likely to Have the Edge in 2025? -- Guns, Butter, and Defense Share of GDP -- Key Drivers of Defense and Defense Procurement Spending Estimates -- Apples and Oranges: "National Defense" Versus "National Security" Spending -- Spending on Strategic Nuclear, Missile, and Space Forces -- Chinese Opacity and Indian Transparency in Defense Spending -- Conclusions -- Chapter Six: Conclusions and Implications -- Demography -- Macroeconomics -- Science and Technology -- Defense and Procurement Expenditures -- Implications -- Appendix A: Meta-Analysis of Economic Growth in China and India -- Appendix B: Detailed Calculations for, and Additional Figures Showing, the Projections in Chapter Four -- Appendix C: Analytic Tables -- References.