Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Human systems and their interaction -- 2.1 Cognition -- 2.2 Bodily experience -- 2.3 Emotion -- 2.4 Perception -- 2.5 Action -- 2.6 Social and communicative interaction -- 2.7 Culture -- 2.8 Language -- 3. Language and cognition -- 3.1 From language to cognition: Whorfian effects -- 3.2 From cognition to language: Motivation in language -- 3.3 Motivation, arbitrariness, conventionality, and non-conventionality of the linguistic sign -- 4. Contributions to this volume -- 4.1 Motivation in grammar -- 4.2 Motivation in the lexicon -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Part I. Motivation in grammar -- Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary -- 1. Motivating motivation -- 2. Meaning and grammar -- 3. The English auxiliary -- 4. Functional and systemic organization -- 5. Existence, negotiation, and interaction -- 6. The existential core -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- The mind as ground -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The GbF model and English inversion -- 3. The existential construction as a default instantiation of GbF -- 3.1 What is there? -- 3.2 The existential representing the GbF where inversion fails -- 3.3 More on the versatility of the existential construction -- 3.4 The existential construction paralleling inversion -- 3.5 The existent NP: Definite or indefinite? -- 4. The current proposal and other proposals -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous cognitive linguistic studies -- 3. Manner adverbs -- 4. Transparent adverbs -- 5. Vantage point -- 6. External states -- 7. A schematic description -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English -- 1. Introduction.

2. Previous approaches to dangling participles -- 3. A usage-based study of situation patterns in dangling participial constructions -- 3.1 Corpus material and search method -- 3.2 Types of situation described in the dangling participial clause -- 3.3 Types of situations described in the main clause -- 3.4 Meaning of the dangling participial construction -- 4. Subjectification and intersubjectification of the dangling participial construction -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- What motivates an inference? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inference and semantic change -- 3. An analysis of temporal/spatial overlap -- 4. An explanation for the semantic shift -- 4.1 From temporal overlap to contrast -- 4.2 From temporal overlap to concessive -- 4.3 Hypotheses on perceptual motivations -- 5. Empirical evidence -- 5.1 Experiment I -- 5.2 Experiment II -- 5.3 Experiment III -- 5.4 Summary -- 6. Motivations for inference -- 6.1 Perceptual motivation -- 6.2 Competing motivations: Perceptual and cognitive factors -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Appendix D -- Appendix D (contd.) -- Appendix D (contd.) -- Appendix D (contd.) -- The conceptual motivation of aspect -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental research on event construal -- 3. Experimental research on aspect -- 4. New experiments on aspect and event construal -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminary observations -- 3. The Lexical-Constructional Model: Lexical and constructional templates -- 3.1 Lexical templates -- 3.2 Constructional templates -- 4. The interaction of lexical and constructional templates -- 4.1 The lexical-constructional subsumption in the caused-motion construction -- 4.2 Internal constraints -- 5. The subsumption process -- 5.1 The NP into-gerund construction.

6. External constraints -- 6.1 Verbs of perception -- 6.2 Speech verbs -- 3.3 Verbs of sound emission -- 7. Concluding remarks -- References -- Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell -- 1. Root modals and force dynamics -- 1.1 The background -- 1.2 "Pure" force dynamics -- 1.3 An alternative: Participants and forces associated with them -- 2. Deontic modals and the billiard-ball model -- 2.1 Langacker's basic model of energetic interaction -- 2.2 Extensions from the prototypical action chain -- 2.3 Profiling, case marking and the experiencer -- 2.4 Dual role of a participant: Case marking of the doer in deontic must and Hungarian kell -- 3. The limits of motivation: Extension into the epistemic domain -- 3.1 The nature of the epistemic domain and case marking -- 3.2 Possible motivations -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese -- 2.1 What are referent honorifics? -- 2.2 Subject vs. non-subject referent honorifics -- 2.3 Productivity of referent honorification and its cross-linguistic difference -- 3. Factors motivating the difference in productivity -- 3.1 The socio-cultural factor of the viewing arrangement in Japanese -- 3.2 The socio-cultural factor of uchi/soto -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon -- Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cognitive reference points -- 2.1 Roschean cognitive reference points -- 2.2 Elaborations of the Roschean model -- 2.3 Cognitive reference points in linguistic research -- 3. Cognitive reference points in dimensional adjectives -- 3.1 Norm -- 3.2 Zero point -- 3.3 ego -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Metonymy, metaphor and the "weekend frame of mind" -- 1. Introduction.

2. Cross-linguistic and intra-linguistic variation in the use of the capital for government metonymies -- 3. Motivation for the micro-variation of the capital for government metonymies in Croatian and Hungarian -- 3.1 Conceptual motivation: the role of the cultural model and the metaphor proximity/distance in time and mental world is the proximity/distance in the sociophysical world -- 3.2 Structural and discourse-pragmatic motivation -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1 Lexical motivation -- 2.2 Polysemy and lexical motivation -- 2.3 Transparency in the lexicon -- 3. Empirical study on lexical motivation -- 3.1 Goals of the questionnaire and hypotheses -- 3.2 Stimulus material -- 3.3 Method -- 3.4 Results -- 4. Conclusions and outlook on further research -- References -- Motivational networks -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is (lexical) motivation? -- 3. Motivational networks -- 4. Evidence from speaker judgements -- 4.1 Why speaker judgements? -- 4.2 Multiple motivational links -- 5. The cognitive structure of word families -- 5.1 Word families and their status in the mental lexicon -- 5.2 Evidence for the influence of word families on lexical processing -- 5.3 Synthesis -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- The "meaning-full" vocabulary of English and German -- 1. Delimiting the notion of motivation in the lexicon -- 2. Researching the motivatability of the English and German vocabulary -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Name index -- Subject index.