ENGLISH HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 1994 -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- FOREWORD -- Table of contents -- 1. PHONOLOGY -- Tertiary stress in Old English:Some reflections on explanatory inadequacy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Medial palatalization of */sk/ -- 3. Palatal diphthongization of back vowels -- 4. Apparent failure of First Fronting -- 5. Suffixal vowels -- 6. A first conclusion -- 7. A second conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Verse Structure as Evidence for ProsodicReconstruction in Old English -- 0. Overview -- 1. Matching verse to language: inherited attitudes -- 2. The multiple stress levels of Old English: the naming game -- 3. The matching game: matches in heaven, limbo, and hell -- 3.1 Matches made in heaven: primary stress -- 3.2 Matches made in limbo: secondary stress. -- 3.3 Matches made in hell: tertiary stress -- 4. Retraction. How intractable is tertiary stress? -- Notes -- References -- On the Syllable Weight of -VC# in Old English: A Metrical Perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Strong verb morphology -- 3. High vowel deletion -- 4. Minimal phonological weight for lexical words: a bimoraic minimalityrequirement -- 5. Lift formation in alliterative verse -- 6. Kaluza's law 1: resolution in the second position of type Ala -- 7. Kaluza's law 2: suspension of resolution in the third position of typesA2k, C, and Dl -- 8. Two constraints on poetic compound formation -- 9. The second position of types A2k (- - -) and E (- - - -) -- 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Old English Short Diphthongs and the Theory of Glide Emergence -- 1. Relation to previous work -- 2. Evidence of monomoricity -- 3. The two systems of stressed nuclei and exchanges between them -- 4. Why "breaking" was not epenthesis -- 5. Criteria to evaluate explanations of "breaking" -- 6. Existing accounts -- 7. Assessments.

8. Failure to converge -- Notes -- References -- On the Use of the Past to Explain the Present: The History of /r/ in English and Scots. -- Notes -- References -- 2. MORPHOLOGY -- Verbal Derivation in English: A Historical SurveyOrMuch Ado About Nothing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Word-formation theory, semantics and deverbal vs. denominal derivation -- 3. Denominal derivation in Old English -- 4. The Indo-European background and morphological typology -- 5. From OE to Modern English -- Notes -- References -- Snowball Effect in Lexical DiffusionThe Development of -s in the Third Person Singular Present Indicative in English -- 1. Introductory remarks -- 2. Diffusion from word to word -- 3. Diffusion from speaker to speaker -- 4. Diffusion from site to site -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Appendix A -- Notes -- References -- The 3rd Plural Present Indicative in Early Modern English - Variation and Linguistic Contact -- Notes -- References -- Morphological Standardization:The Strong Verbs in Scots -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Strong verbs in the early history of English and Scots -- 2.1 Germanic and Old English -- 2.2 Middle English -- 2.3 Early Scots -- 3. Strong verbs in Scots -- 3.1 Nisbet's New Testament -- 3.2 Interlude -- 3.3 William Wye Smith's translation of the New Testament (1901) -- 3.4 William Laughton Lorimer's translation (1967) -- 3.5 Strong verbs in Smith and Lorimer compared -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 Conservative features in the verbal system -- 3.5.3 Innovation -- 3.5.4 Idiosyncratic forms -- 3.6 The evidence of Modern Scots usage in the 1990s -- 3.7 Standard Scots? -- Notes -- References -- 3. LEXIS -- Scandinavian Loans and Processes of Word-Formationin ME: Some Preliminary Considerations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Derivation. Analysis of derived loans -- 2.1 Grammatical categories -- 2.2 Type of text -- 2.3 Chronological periods.

2.4 Some final considerations about derivation -- 3. Compounding. Analysis of compound loans -- 3.1 Grammatical categories -- 3.2 Text type -- 3.3 Chronological periods -- 4. Compounding and derivation: complex forms in our corpus -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Towards Syntactic Isomorphism and Semantic Dissimilation: The Semantics and Syntax ofProspective Verbs in Early Modern English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Prospective verbs and their meanings -- 3. The syntax-semantics interface -- 4. Evidence of change in the field of prospective verbs -- 5. Conclusion: Towards iconicity? -- Notes -- Reading Corpus -- References -- 4. SYNTAX -- Evidence for Clitic Adverbs in Old EnglishAn Evaluation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pronouns as clitics -- 3. Adverbs as clitics -- 4. Corpus -- 5. Findings and analysis -- 5.1 A single adverb in a clitic position -- 5.2 Preliminary conclusion -- 6. The adverb is not the only element in a clitic position -- 6.1 Position A -- 6.2 Position B -- 6.3 Position C -- 7. A different interpretation for some adverbs in position A -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Verbal Complementation in Early ME: How Do The Infinitives Fit In? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous literature: the choice in complementation types -- 3. Complementation types in early ME -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Discussion of the data -- 3.2.1 Helpen -- 3.2.2 Bidden/beden -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- Editions Used -- References -- A Look at That/Zero Variation in Restoration English -- 1. Introduction -- 2. That/zero variation in the corpus -- 2.1 Knock-out contexts -- 2.2 That and zero as true alternatives -- 2.2.1 Style -- 2.2.2 Relative frequency of the matrix predicate -- 2.2.3 Presence of intervening elements -- 2.2.4 Nature of the complement clause subject -- 3. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- The Case of the Unmarked Pronoun -- Primary Sources.

References -- 5. SOCIOHISTORICAL LINGUISTICS -- Social Stratification in Tudor English? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Social stratification -- 2.1 Social class v. social order -- 2.2 Social change in early modern England -- 2.3 The problem of literacy -- 3. The material -- 4. The linguistic variables -- 4.1 YE v. YOU -- 4.2 THE WHICH -- 4.3 WHO v. WHICH -- 4.4 BE v. ARE -- 5. Significance of the distributional differences -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Social Network Theoryand Eighteenth-Century EnglishThe Case of Boswell -- Notes -- References -- Eighteenth-Century Normative Grammar in Practice The Case of Captain Cook -- 1. Previous studies of Cook's language -- 2. Background -- 3. Previous studies of eighteenth-century idiolects -- 4. Methodology -- 5. Cook's language -- 5.1 A change of register? -- 5.2 Variants showing a marked decline in relative frequency -- 5.3 Hyper correction -- 5.4 Syntagmatic factors -- 5.5 Avoidance -- 5.6 Other marked variants -- 6. Potential linguistic influences on Cook -- Notes -- References -- The Jocks and the Geordies: Modified Standards inEighteenth-Century Pronouncing Dictionaries -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Jocks, Geordies and other "provincials" -- 3. Models of correct usage in the provinces: the "tempered medium" -- 4. Three eighteenth-century pronouncing dictionaries -- 4.1 Thomas Spence's Grand Repository of the English Language -- 4.2 John Burn's Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language -- 4.3 John Walker's Critical Pronouncing Dictionary -- 5. Two sound changes in progress in the eighteenth century -- 5.1 The "splitting" of short /u/ -- 5.2 "Sinking the liquefaction" -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix -- Systems of notation and distribution of sounds -- Walker -- Burn -- Spence -- Notes -- References -- 6. INDEXES -- INDEX OF PERSONS -- INDEX OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS.