Bidirectional Optimality Theory -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Bidirectional Optimality Theory -- 1. Optimality Theory -- 2. Bidirectional Optimality Theory -- 3. Stochastic Optimality Theory -- 4. Games and Bidirectional Optimality Theory -- 5. Overview -- References -- A programme for bidirectional phonology and phonetics and their acquisition and evolution -- 1. Phonological representations: Underlying and Surface Form -- 1.1 The relation between underlying form and surface form -- 1.2 The process of merely-phonological production -- 1.3 The process of merely-phonological comprehension -- 1.4 Merely-phonological acquisition -- 1.5 Merely-phonological evolution -- 1.6 What is wrong with merely-phonological grammars? -- 2. Phonetic representations: Auditory and Articulatory Form -- 2.1 The relation between Auditory Form and Articulatory form -- 2.2 The process of merely-phonetic articulation -- 2.3 The processes of merely-phonetic audition -- 2.4 Merely-phonetic acquisition -- 2.5 Merely-phonetic evolution -- 3. The phonology-phonetics interface -- 3.1 The relation between Surface Form and Auditory Form -- 3.2 The process of prelexical perception -- 3.3 Unidirectional acquisition of prelexical perception -- 3.4 The process of prototype selection -- 3.5 Acquisition of prototype selection? -- 3.6 The evolution of the phonology-phonetics interface -- 3.7 Is this how the phonology-phonetics interface works? -- 4. The three 'low' representations: Articulatory Form - Auditory Form - Surface Form -- 4.1 The process of phonetic production -- 4.2 The acquisition of phonetic knowledge -- 4.3 The evolution of phonetic implementation -- 4.4 Is this how the phonetic representations are connected to the phonology? -- 5. The three 'middle' representations: Auditory Form - Surface Form - Underlying Form.

5.1 The serial edition of the process of phonetic-phonological comprehension -- 5.2 The parallel edition of the process of phonetic-phonological comprehension -- 6. The quadruplet Underlying - Surface - Auditory - Articulatory -- 6.1 The process of phonological-phonetic production -- 6.2 The acquisition of phonological-phonetic production -- 7. Semantic representations -- 8. The phonology-semantics interface: The lexicon -- 8.1 Relations -- 8.2 The process of lexical retrieval in production -- 8.3 The process of the access of meaning in comprehension -- 8.4 The acquisition of lexical relations -- 9. The triplet Morphemes - Underlying Form - Surface Form -- 9.1 The influence of Morphemes (and Context) on word recognition -- 9.2 Acquisition -- 10. Discussion -- 10.1 The larger picture: Whole-language simulations -- 10.2 The assumptions: Naïve bidirectionality and multi-level parallelism -- References -- A note on the emergence of subject salience -- 1. Introduction: Salience and subjecthood -- 2. Centering Theory's Rule 1 -- 3. Bidirectional Optimality Theory -- 4. Beaver's COT -- 5. Evolving subject salience -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Stochastic OT -- 5.3 Bidirectional learning -- 5.4 Bidirectional learning & frequency effects -- 5.5 Evolving Rule 1 with Evolutionary OT -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Language acquisition and language change in bidirectional Optimality Theory -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pronouns and reflexives -- 3. A bi-OT model of language acquisition -- 3.1 The delay of Principle B effect in language acquisition -- 3.2 Adult language users and bidirectional optimization -- 3.3 Child language users and unidirectional optimization -- 4. A bi-OT model of language change -- 4.1 The BiGLA learning algorithm -- 4.2 A hypothetical corpus of Old English -- 4.3 An Optimality Theoretic grammar -- 5. Comparing the two models.

5.1 Constraints on pronominal binding -- 5.2 Types of optimization -- 5.3 Reformulating bidirectional optimality -- 5.4 The recognition problem -- 5.5 Adult processing of pronouns -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Sense and Simplicity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Case Distinguishability -- 3. Recoverability as bidirectionality -- 4. The Landscape of Bidirectionality -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- On the interaction of tense, aspect and modality in Dutch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Actuality entailment -- 3. Conflicting constraints -- 4. A bidirectional optimization analysis -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Production and Comprehension in Context -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An OT analysis of word order -- 3. Limits of the simple strong bidirectional model -- 4. Modeling Ambiguity and Optionality -- 5. Cross-linguistic Differences -- 6. Conclusion -- 7. Acknowledgements -- References -- Bayesian interpretation and optimality theory -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Emulating Bayesian Interpretation -- 2.1 Levels and Arrows -- 2.2 Linking -- 2.3 Representations -- 2.4 Bidirectional inter-representation arrows -- 2.5 Context model -- 2.6 Emulation -- 3. Pragmatics as p(I) maximation -- 4. An OT model of production and interpretation? -- 5. Improving production -- 6. Consequences for Acquisition -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Bidirectional grammar and bidirectional optimization -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The architecture of the human language faculty -- 3. Bidirectional optimization and fossilization -- 4. Bidirectionality and the Sensorimotor System -- 5. Bidirectionality and grammar -- 6. Pragmatics in OT -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- On Bidirectional Optimality Theory for Dynamic Contexts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. OT-Systems -- 3. Blutner Structures -- Blutner Structures -- Optimality and Weak Optimality.

Blutner Structures and OT-Systems -- Blutner Structures with Context-Sensitive Constraints -- 4. Mattausch's Example -- 5. Bidirectional OT for Dynamic Contexts -- 6. Summary -- References -- Index.