Wildlife Forensics -- Contents -- Developments in Forensic Science -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Wildlife Ownership -- Introduction -- Ancient Rome and the Concept of Res Nullius -- Common Law England: The King's Ownership -- The New World: Hunting for the Market -- Management: The Property Right of States -- Federal Law and the Regulatory State -- Globalization: Working toward Worldwide Conservation Practices -- Conclusion -- Cases Cited -- References -- 2 Society for Wildlife Forensic Science -- Introduction -- Formation of the Society -- The Code of Ethics -- Membership of the Society -- Member Labs -- Proficiency Program -- Scientific Working Group for Wildlife Forensic Sciences (SWGWILD) -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 The Application of Forensic Science to Wildlife Evidence -- Introduction -- Overview of Forensic Science -- History of Wildlife Forensics -- Enforcement of Wildlife Protection Policy -- Development of Wildlife Forensic Laboratories -- Current Perceptions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Defining a Crime Scene and Physical Evidence Collection -- Introduction -- Definition of a Crime Scene -- Questions to Be Asked -- Scene Priority -- First Responding Officer -- Securing the Scene -- Chain of Custody -- Processing the Scene -- Initial Documentation -- Scene Documentation -- Remains in an Aquatic Environment -- Collection of Evidence -- Review of Scene Processing -- Final Inspection -- References -- 5 Forensic Evidence Collection and Cultural Motives for Animal Harvesting -- Introduction -- Wild Animals as Pharmacopeias -- Trade in Wild Animals -- Recovering Evidence at Poaching Scenes -- Locating the Burial: Anomalies on the Surface -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Forensic Entomology and Wildlife -- Introduction.

Application of Forensic Entomology to Wildlife Crimes -- Arthropods Commonly Encountered -- Diptera -- Coleoptera -- Sampling -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Wildlife Forensic Pathology and Toxicology in Wound Analysis and Pesticide Poisoning -- Introduction -- Wound Analysis -- Wildlife Poisoning by Insecticides -- Wildlife Poisoning by Rodenticides -- References -- 8 The Use of Hair Morphology in the Identification of Mammals -- Introduction -- Types of Hair -- Hair Structure -- Techniques for Studying Hair Structure -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Plants and Wildlife Forensics -- Introduction -- Plants as Trace Evidence -- Poisonous Plants -- The Basics of Collecting and Preserving Botanical Evidence -- Finding a Forensic Botanist -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Identification of Reptile Skin Products Using Scale Morphology -- Introduction -- International Trade in Reptile Skins -- Challenges to Species Identification of Reptile Skin Products -- Species and Products Represented in the Reptile Skin Trade -- Reptile Scale Morphology Basics and Current Limitations -- Identifying Features of Major Reptile Groups -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Best Practices in Wildlife Forensic DNA -- Introduction -- The Need for Appropriate Standards -- Wildlife Forensic DNA Best Practices -- Standards and Guidelines for Wildlife Forensics -- Training -- Case File -- Laboratory Facility (QA) -- Validation -- Laboratory Protocols -- Data Analysis -- Interpretation Guidelines -- Vouchers/Reference Samples -- Species Identification -- Reporting -- Contents of the Case Report -- Review -- Court Testimony -- The Way Forward -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Statistics for Wildlife Forensic DNA -- Introduction -- The Central Problem -- Genetic Sampling -- Lineage Markers -- Relatedness.

Inbreeding -- Testing for Allele Independence -- Assignment testing -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 Forensic DNA Analysis of Wildlife Evidence -- Introduction -- DNA Isolation and Handling -- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -- Sample Speciation -- Minisatellites (VNTRs) -- Mitochondrial Markers (mtDNA) -- Additional Genetic Speciation Methods -- Limitations of Genetic Speciation -- Sample Sexing -- Sample Individualization -- Sample Localization -- Validation of Wildlife Forensic Techniques -- Court Admissibility -- Conclusion -- Cases Cited -- References -- 14 DNA Applications and Implementation -- Introduction -- History -- Questions and Techniques: Wildlife Crime Issues -- Species Identification -- Identification of Geographic Origin -- Individual Identification -- Exclusion -- Practical Applications -- Sample Types for DNA Analysis -- Laboratory Models: Individual Facilities -- Future Developments -- Summary -- References -- 15 Conservation Genetics and Wildlife Forensics of Birds -- Introduction -- Avian Genetics -- Avian Taxonomy, Legislation and Conservation -- Avian Wildlife Forensics: A Range of Applications -- Conservation Genetics and Wildlife Forensics: Identification Using DNA -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Wildlife Forensics in Thailand: Utilization of Mitochondrial DNA Sequences -- Introduction -- DNA Extraction and Amplification -- DNA Sequencing -- Origin Identification -- Species and Subspecies Identification -- Results of the Investigations -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 The Future of Wildlife Forensic Science -- Introduction -- Technical Challenges -- Enhancing Wildlife Protection by Integrating Forensic Science and the Law -- The U.S. Endangered Species Act and the Limits of Science -- The Future of Forensic Scientists and the Laboratories in which They Work -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments.

References -- Index -- Color Plate.