Organic Crop Breeding -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding -- Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods -- Introduction -- How Different Are Organic Farming Systems? -- Consequences for Cultivar Requirements -- From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs -- The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States -- Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies -- Introduction -- Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming -- Roots: The Hidden Potential -- Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions -- Importance of Selection Environments -- Breeding Strategies -- References -- Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding -- Introduction -- Plant Protection in Organic Farming -- Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection -- Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection -- Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases -- Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals -- Background -- Crop Competitiveness Against Weeds -- Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression -- Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs -- Selection Strategies -- Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding -- Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives -- References.

Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations -- Introduction -- Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture -- On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity -- Breeding Strategies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture -- Introduction -- Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions -- What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? -- Participatory Approaches -- PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches -- Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries -- Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries -- General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming -- References -- Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques -- Introduction -- Arguments Against Genetic Engineering -- Organic Basic Principles -- Toward Organic Breeding -- From Values to Criteria: Evaluation of Breeding Techniques -- How to Deal with Varieties Bred with Non-compliant Techniques? -- Toward Appropriate Standards to Promote Organic Plant Breeding -- Discussion and Challenges for Organic Plant Breeding -- References -- Chapter 8 Plant Breeding, Variety Release, and Seed Commercialization: Laws and Policies Applied to the Organic Sector -- Introduction -- The Developments of Plant Breeding and the Emergence of Seed Laws -- Variety Registration -- Seed Quality Control and Certification -- Special Needs for Organic Agriculture -- A Recent Development in Europe: Conservation Varieties -- Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Breeding -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Section 2 Organic Plant Breeding in Specific Crops.

Chapter 9 Wheat: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems -- Introduction -- Methods -- Traits for Selection in Organic Breeding Programs -- A Case Study for EPB: Lexi's Project -- A Case Study for Breeding within a Supply Chain Approach: Peter Kunz and Sativa -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Maize: Breeding and Field Testing for Organic Farmers -- Introduction -- What Kind of Maize do Organic Farmers Want? -- Are There Viable Alternatives to Single Cross Hybrids? -- Testing and Using Alternative Hybrids -- Are There Benefits for Breeding under Organic Conditions? -- For Which Traits Is It Necessary to Test under Organic Conditions? -- Choice of Parents for Breeding Programs -- Breeding Programs -- Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 11 Rice: Crop Breeding Using Farmer-Led Participatory Plant Breeding -- Introduction -- MASIPAG and Participatory Rice Breeding -- Beyond PPB: Farmer-Led Rice Breeding -- The Breeding Process -- Outcomes of the MASIPAG Program -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 12 Soybean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems -- Introduction -- Agronomic Characters -- Seed Quality Features -- Considerations on Breeding Methods -- References -- Chapter 13 Faba Bean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems -- Purposes of Breeding and Growing Faba Bean -- Genetic and Botanical Basics of Breeding Faba Bean -- Methodological Considerations -- Traits To Be Improved in Faba Bean Breeding -- Open Questions, Need for Action -- References -- Chapter 14 Potato: Perspectives to Breed for an Organic Crop Ideotype -- Introduction -- Required Cultivar Characteristics -- Introgression Breeding and Applied Techniques -- Participatory Approach: An Example from the Netherlands -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 15 Tomato: Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance in Fresh Market and Home Garden Varieties -- Introduction.

Botanical and Genetic Characteristics of Tomato -- Rationale for Breeding Tomatoes within Organic Systems -- Breeding Needs with Focus on Organic Production -- Case Studies: Breeding for Late Blight Resistance in Europe and North America -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 16 Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture -- Introduction -- Rationale for Breeding within Organic Systems -- Plant Biology -- Traits Needed for Adaptation to Organic Production -- Consideration of Breeding Methods -- A Farmer Participatory Broccoli Breeding Program -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 17 Onions: Breeding Onions for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture -- Introduction -- Robust Onion Cultivars -- Breeding for Improved Nutrient Acquisition -- Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Product Quality -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.