Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- 1: History -- 1.1 Ancient times -- 1.2 The period 1500-1700 -- 1.3 The 1800s -- 1.4 First transfusions in the United States -- 1.5 The discovery of blood groups -- 1.6 Anticoagulation -- 1.7 Modern blood banking and blood banks -- 1.8 Cadaver blood -- 1.9 The Rh blood group system and prevention of Rh immunization -- 1.10 Coombs and antiglobulin serum -- 1.11 Plasma and the blood program during World War II -- 1.12 Plastic bags and blood components -- 1.13 Cryoprecipitate and factor VIII -- 1.14 Red cell preservation -- 1.15 Leukocyte antigens and antibodies -- 1.16 Platelet collection, storage, and transfusion -- 1.17 Apheresis -- 1.18 Granulocyte transfusions -- 1.19 Summary -- 2: The Blood Supply -- 2.1 Worldwide blood supply -- 2.2 The blood collection system -- 2.3 Amount of blood collected -- 2.4 Blood inventory sharing systems -- 2.5 Other activities of community blood centers -- 2.6 The plasma collection system -- 2.7 Nongovernmental blood bank organizations -- 2.8 Regulation of the blood supply system -- 3: Recruitment of Blood Donors -- 3.1 Demographic characteristics of blood donors -- 3.2 Motivation of whole blood donors -- 3.3 The donation experience and factors influencing continued donation -- 3.4 Whole blood donor recruitment strategies -- 3.5 Apheresis donor recruitment -- 3.6 Bone marrow donors -- 4: Blood Donor Medical Assessment and Blood Collection -- 4.1 Medical assessment of whole blood donors -- 4.2 Collection of whole blood -- 4.3 Postdonation care and adverse reactions to blood donation -- 4.4 Therapeutic bleeding -- 4.5 Medical assessment of apheresis donors -- 4.6 Adverse reactions in apheresis donors -- 5: Preparation, Storage, and Characteristics of Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives -- 5.1 Preparation of blood components from whole blood.

5.2 Irradiation of blood components -- 5.3 Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells -- 5.4 Plasma derivatives -- 5.5 Pathogen-inactivated blood components -- 5.6 Universal red cells -- 5.7 Blood substitutes -- 6: Autologous Blood Donation and Transfusion -- 6.1 Strategies to reduce or avoid allogeneic transfusion -- 6.2 Trends in the collection and transfusion of autologous blood -- 6.3 Preoperative autologous blood donation -- 6.4 Acute normovolemic hemodilution -- 6.5 Intraoperative blood salvage -- 6.6 Postoperative blood salvage -- 6.7 Directed-donor blood -- 6.8 Patient-specific donation -- 6.9 Minimal donor exposure programs -- 7: Production of Components by Apheresis -- 7.1 Apheresis instruments -- 7.2 Plateletpheresis for the production of single-donor platelet concentrates -- 7.3 Collection of red cells by apheresis -- 7.4 Leukapheresis for the production of granulocyte concentrates -- 7.5 Lymphocytapheresis for the collection of mononuclear cells -- 7.6 Cytapheresis for the collection of peripheral blood stem cells -- 7.7 Donor selection and complications of cytapheresis in normal donors -- 7.8 Plasmapheresis and source plasma -- 8: Laboratory Testing of Donated Blood -- 8.1 Red cell blood group testing -- 8.2 Testing for transmissible diseases -- 8.3 Confirmatory tests -- 8.4 Shortening the window phase -- 8.5 Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus -- 8.6 Hepatitis tests -- 8.7 Managing the results of transmissible disease testing of donors -- 8.8 Lookback -- 8.9 Syphilis testing of donated blood -- 8.10 West Nile virus -- 8.11 Chagas' disease -- 8.12 Bacterial detection -- 8.13 Optional tests of donor blood -- 8.14 Summary -- 9: Blood Groups -- 9.1 Red blood cell antigens and groups -- 9.2 ABO system -- 9.3 A and B subgroups -- 9.4 The Rh system -- 9.5 Other red cell blood groups -- 9.6 Antibodies to red cell antigens.

9.7 Function of molecules containing red cell antigens (see reference 13 for summary) -- 9.8 Platelets -- 9.9 Granulocytes -- 10: Laboratory Detection of Blood Groups and Provision of Red Cells -- 10.1 Immunologic mechanisms of red cell destruction -- 10.2 Methods of detecting red cell antibody-antigen reactions -- 10.3 Direct antiglobulin (coombs) test -- 10.4 Red cell compatibility testing -- 10.5 Red cell antibody identification -- 10.6 Strategies for making red cells available for transfusion -- 10.7 Approach to the patient with an incompatible crossmatch -- 10.8 Hemolytic disease of the newborn -- 10.9 Platelet compatibility -- 10.10 Granulocyte compatibility -- 11: Clinical Uses of Blood Components -- 11.1 Blood component therapy -- 11.2 Transfusion of components containing red blood cells -- 11.3 Transfusion of components and derivatives containing coagulation factors -- 11.4 Transfusion of platelets -- 11.5 Granulocyte transfusion -- 11.6 Cytomegalovirus-safe blood components -- 11.7 Irradiated blood components -- 12: Transfusion Therapy in Specific Clinical Situations -- 12.1 Acute blood loss -- 12.2 Cardiovascular surgery -- 12.3 Hematopoietic cell transplantation -- 12.4 Solid organ transplantation -- 12.5 Transfusion of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinura -- 12.6 Neonates -- 12.7 Pediatric patients -- 12.8 Transfusion therapy in hemoglobinopathies -- 12.9 Hemophilia and von Willebrand's Disease -- 12.10 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia -- 12.11 Pregnant women -- 12.12 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- 12.13 Transfusing patients with IgA deficiency -- 12.14 Autoimmune thrombocytopenia -- 12.15 Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia -- 12.16 Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia -- 12.17 Autoimmune neutropenia -- 12.18 Rare blood types -- 13: Techniques of Blood Transfusion -- 13.1 Obtaining consent for transfusion.

13.2 Obtaining the blood sample for compatibility testing -- 13.3 Blood administration sets and filters -- 13.4 Venous access and the venipuncture -- 13.5 Infusion solutions -- 13.6 Identification of the patient and blood component -- 13.7 Starting the transfusion -- 13.8 Rate and duration of transfusion -- 13.9 Warming of blood -- 13.10 Infusion pumps -- 13.11 Nursing care of patients receiving a transfusion -- 13.12 Transfusion techniques for children and neonates -- 13.13 Transfusion of platelets and plasma -- 13.14 Transfusion of hematopoietic stem cell products -- 13.15 Transfusion in the nonhospital setting -- 14: Complications of Transfusion -- 14.1 Immunologic complications of transfusion resulting in transfusion reactions -- 14.2 Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction -- 14.3 Hemolysis due to passenger lymphocyte syndrome -- 14.4 Nonimmunologic hemolysis mimicking a transfusion reaction -- 14.5 Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions -- 14.6 Allergic reactions -- 14.7 Pulmonary reactions-transfusion-related acute lung injury -- 14.8 Anaphylactic reactions -- 14.9 Hypotensive reactions -- 14.10 Reactions to platelet transfusions -- 14.11 Reactions to granulocyte transfusions -- 14.12 Reactions due to bacterial contamination -- 14.13 Signs, symptoms, and management of a transfusion reaction -- 14.14 Immunologic complications of transfusion -- 14.15 Nonimmunologic complications of blood transfusion -- 14.16 Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance -- 14.17 Circulatory overload -- 14.18 Iron overload -- 14.19 Embolism -- 14.20 Passive transfer of hypersensitivity -- 15: Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases -- 15.1 Syphilis -- 15.2 Hepatitis -- 15.3 HIV infection and AIDS -- 15.4 Other transfusion-transmitted viruses -- 15.5 Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections -- 15.6 Transfusion-transmitted parasitic and tick-borne diseases.

15.7 Current issues with transfusion-transmitted Infections -- 15.8 Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus -- 15.9 Influenza -- 15.10 Other diseases -- 15.11 Introduction of new tests -- 16: The HLA System in Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation -- 16.1 The HLA system -- 16.2 Clinical HLA testing -- 16.3 The human minor histocompatibility antigens -- 16.4 The HLA system and transplantation -- 16.5 The HLA system in transfusion therapy -- 16.6 Conclusion and summary -- 17: Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Transfusion Medicine -- 17.1 Erythropoietin -- 17.2 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor -- 17.3 Thrombopoietin -- 17.4 Second generation thrombopoietic growth factors -- 17.5 In vitro uses of hematopoietic growth factors in transfusion medicine -- 18: Cellular Engineering for the Production of New Blood Components -- 18.1 Present generations of blood components -- 18.2 Development and production of new blood components -- 18.3 Hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells as a blood component -- 18.4 General hematopoietic cellular engineering processes -- 18.5 Umbilical cord blood banking -- 18.6 Adoptive immunotherapy -- 18.7 Mesenchymal stem cells -- 18.8 Myocardial repair -- 18.9 Regulation of cellular engineering -- 18.10 Quality assurance and good manufacturing practices for cellular engineering -- 19: Therapeutic Apheresis -- 19.1 Clinical uses of plasma exchange -- 19.2 Plasma exchange -- 19.3 Red cell exchange or erythrocytapheresis -- 19.4 Therapeutic cytapheresis -- 19.5 Photopheresis -- 19.6 Therapeutic apheresis using selective adsorption columns -- 20: Quality Programs in Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine -- 20.1 Quality systems -- 20.2 Quality assurance in the blood supply system -- 20.3 Errors in transfusion medicine -- 20.4 Quality assurance in the transfusion service -- 20.5 Quality assurance in patient therapy.

20.6 Summary.