Contents -- Chapter 1 Arseniasis in the World: From Endemic to Pandemic Chien-Jen Chen -- PROLOGUE: A MYSTERIOUS DISEASE -- HEALTH HAZARDS OF CHRONIC ARSENIC POISONING IN TAIWAN -- ARSENIC IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTS -- ENVIRONMENTAL CALAMITY OF ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER: AN EMERGING PANDEMIC -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Mortality Trends in Blackfoot-Disease-Endemic Areas of Taiwan Chun-Yuh Yang -- BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION -- CO-OCCURRENCE OF BFD PATIENTS WITH CANCER AND VASCULAR DISEASES -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER AND VASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY IN THE BFD-ENDEMIC AREAS -- CANCER MORTALITY TRENDS IN THE BFD-ENDEMIC AREAS -- VASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY TRENDS IN THE BFD-ENDEMIC AREAS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Skin Lesions: Hyperpigmentation, Hyperkeratosis and Cancer Chien-Jen Chen -- SKIN HYPERPIGMENTATION AND PALMOPLANTAR KERATOSIS -- BOWEN'S DISEASE AND SKIN CANCERS -- CO-MORBIDITY OF SKIN LESIONS AND BLACKFOOT DISEASE -- MALNUTRITIONAL STATUS, LOW SERUM β-CAROTENE LEVEL AND SKIN CANCER -- ARSENIC METHYLATION CAPABILITY AND SKIN CANCER -- SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES AND MICRONUCLEI IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES AND BOWEN'S DISEASE -- GENETIC ALTERATIONS, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND ARSENIC-INDUCED SKIN CANCER -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Arsenics and Urothelial Carcinoma Chung-Hsin Chen and Yeong-Shiau Pu -- INCIDENCE AND RISK OF UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA -- INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SMOKING AND ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOGENESIS -- MECHANISM OF ARSENIC-RELATED CARCINOGENESIS OF THE UROTHELIUM -- CHARACTERISTICS OF ARSENIC-RELATED UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA -- DIAGNOSIS OF ARSENIC-RELATED UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA -- MANAGEMENT OF ARSENIC-RELATED UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA -- OUTCOME OF ARSENIC-RELATED UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Arsenic Exposure and Lung Cancer Chi-Ling Chen.

INTRODUCTION -- ARSENIC EXPOSURE THROUGH DRINKING WATER -- Taiwan -- Japan -- Chile -- Argentina -- USA -- ARSENIC EXPOSURE THROUGH INHALATION -- USA -- Japan -- China -- Sweden -- INTERACTION WITH CIGARETTE SMOKING -- CELL TYPE SPECIFICITY WITH ARSENIC EXPOSURE -- POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Blackfoot Disease and Microcirculation Abnormality Chin-Hsiao Tseng, Choon-Khim Chong, Yu-Mei Hsueh, Hung-Yi Chiou, Shu-Li Wang and Chien-Jen Chen -- INTRODUCTION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BFD -- MICROCIRCULATORY DEFECTS IN SEEMINGLY NORMAL SUBJECTS LIVING IN THE BFD-HYPERENDEMIC VILLAGES -- ABNORMAL MICROCIRCULATORY FLOW IN THE CLINICALLY NORMAL FINGERS OF BFD PATIENTS -- EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDIN ON MICROCIRCULATORY FLOW IN BFD PATIENTS -- HYPOTHETICAL MECHANISMS FOR ARSENIC-INDUCED MICROCIRCULATORY DEFECTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Arsenic-induced Carotid Atherosclerosis, Ventricular Repolarization Abnormalities, and Ischemic Heart Disease Chih-Hao Wang -- INTRODUCTION -- ARSENIC AND SUBCLINICAL BIOMARKERS -- Arsenic and Carotid Atherosclerosis -- Arsenic and Ventricular Repolarization Abnormalities -- Arsenic and Ischemic Heart Disease -- Arsenic: A Ubiquitous Metalloid and a Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factor -- Persistence and Memorizability of Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Arsenic -- Gene-Environment-Nutrient Interactions -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Arsenic Exposure and Cerebrovascular Disease Hung-Yi Chiou and Yi-Chen Hsieh -- INTRODUCTION -- POSSIBLE ATHEROGENIC MECHANISMS OF ARSENIC -- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ARSENIC-RELATED CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Arsenic and Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in Human Populations Shu-Li Wang, Chin-Chiao Tseng and Chien-Jen Chen -- INTRODUCTION.

ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS -- Community-based Studies in High Arsenic Exposure Areas -- Cross-sectional studies -- Cohort follow-up and mortality studies -- Community-based Studies in Moderate-to-Low Exposure Areas -- Occupational Studies -- Occupational studies based on death certificates -- Occupational study based on biomarkers -- Arsenic Exposure and Hypertension -- Community-based Studies in High Arsenic Exposure Areas -- Community-based Studies in Moderate-to-Low Exposure Areas -- Occupational Studies -- BIOLOGICAL PLAUSIBILITY OF ARSENIC CAUSING TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION -- Arsenic and Glucose Regulation -- Arsenic and Vascular Function -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Association between Ingested Arsenic and Cataracts Lai-Chu See, Jiahn-Shing Lee, Yu-Mei Hsueh, Ming-Chang Tu and Chien-Jen Chen -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- Demographic Characteristics -- Prevalence of Cataracts -- DM and Occupational Sunlight Exposure -- Inorganic Arsenic Effect -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Neurological Disorders from Arseniasis Hung-Pin Tseng -- INTRODUCTION -- ARSENIASIS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- Children and Adults -- Intellectual Tests -- Acute Arsenic Encephalopathy -- Chronic Arsenic Encephalopathy -- ARSENIASIS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- Structures and Diseases in the Peripheral Nervous System -- Nerve Conduction Velocity Study -- Peripheral Neuropathy from Acute Arsenic Exposure -- Peripheral Neuropathy from Chronic Arsenic Exposure -- Controversies Over Chronic Arsenic Neuropathy and Possible Explanations -- MECHANISMS OF ARSENIC NEUROTOXICITY -- TREATMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Arsenic Methylation Capability and Human Health Yu Mei Hsueh, Yung-Kai Huang and Chi-Jung Chung -- INTRODUCTION.

METABOLISM AND TOXICITY OF ARSENIC -- Arsenic Methylation Pathway -- Comparison of the Arsenic Methylation Profile Between Human and Other Species -- Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Arsenic Species -- FACTORS IN ARSENIC METABOLISM -- Demographic Characteristics and Arsenic Metabolism -- Lifestyles, Diets and Arsenic Metabolism -- Genetic Susceptibility and Arsenic Metabolism -- ARSENIC METHYLATION CAPABILITY AND DISEASE -- Non-Cancer Disease Effects -- Cancer Effects -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Genetic Susceptibility to Arsenic-induced Health Hazards Ling-I Hsu -- INTRODUCTION -- NEOPLASMS AND PRECANCEROUS LESIONS -- GSTM1, T1, and P1 a -- GSTO, AS3MT, MTHFR b -- DNA Repair Genes c -- HYPERTENSION AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS d -- REFERENCES -- Index.