Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The Optical Detection of Cancer: An Introduction Toby Steele and Arlen Meyers -- Part I: An Introduction to Optical Detection Technology -- Introduction -- Optical detection technology applications -- Techniques for the optical detection of cancer -- Spectroscopy -- Fluorescence spectroscopy -- Elastic scattering (reflectance) spectroscopy -- Raman spectroscopy -- Fluorescence imaging -- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) -- Narrow-band imaging (NBI) -- Multimodal optical imaging -- Summary -- Part II: The Application of Optical Diagnostic Technology in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract -- Introduction -- Oral cavity -- Pharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx -- Trachea, bronchus, and lung -- Esophagus -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: An Introduction to Optical Detection Technology -- Part II: The Application of Optical Diagnostic Technology in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract -- Oral cavity -- Pharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx -- Trachea, bronchus, and lung -- Esophagus -- Chapter 2 Optical Coherence Tomography in Oral Cancer Shahareh Sabet and Petra Wilder-Smith -- Introduction -- Optical coherence tomography -- Existing diagnostic tools for oral cancer detection -- 1. Visual examination and biopsy -- 2. Oral brush cytology -- 3. Vital staining -- 4. Chemiluminensce: ViziLite -- 5. Spectroscopy and autofluorescence -- 6. In vivo confocal imaging -- 7. Photosensitizers -- OCT Use in the Detection of Oral Cancer -- Future Directions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Optical Coherence Tomography in Laryngeal Cancer Marcel Kraft and Christoph Arens -- Introduction -- Working Principle -- Technique in the Larynx -- OCT Findings -- Grading of Dysplasia -- Complications and Difficulties -- Research Results -- Comparison with the Literature -- Potential Applications -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Dedication.

References -- Chapter 4 Fluorescence Imaging of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Christian Stephan Betz, Andreas Leunig and Christoph Arens -- The Importance of Early Detection -- Biophysical Basics -- Autofluorescence imaging -- Enhanced fluorescence imaging (EFI) -- Equipment and Examination -- Fluorescence Imaging - General Statements -- Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) -- Enhanced fluorescence imaging (EFI) -- Fluorescence Imaging - Results in Oral and Oropharyngeal Lesions -- Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) -- Enhanced fluorescence imaging (EFI) -- Fluorescence Imaging - Results in Laryngeal Lesions -- Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) -- Enhanced fluorescence imaging (EFI) -- Discussion -- General points -- Comparison of fluorescence Imaging to other novel screening techniques -- Comparison of different fluorescence imaging methods and systems -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Photodynamic Diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Techniques Zheng Huang -- Historical Background -- Photosensitizers -- Photodynamic Diagnosis Techniques -- PDD mechanisms -- PDD application -- Photodynamic Therapy Techniques -- PDT mechanisms -- Biological effect of PDT -- Direct cytotoxicity -- Vascular effect -- Immune responses -- PDT light applicator and delivery -- PDT dosimetry -- Modes of PDT application -- Cellular-targeted PDT -- Vascular-targeted PDT -- Extracorporeal PDT -- Photochemical internalization -- Future Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 OCT Detection of Lung Cancer S. Murgu and M. Brenner -- Rationale for Early and Accurate Detection of Airway Cancer -- Non-Bronchoscopic Imaging Methods for Airway Cancer Detection -- Conventional Bronchoscopic Imaging Methods for Airway Cancer Detection -- Limitations of Conventional White Light Bronchoscopy for Airway Cancer Detection.

Alternative and Complementary Bronchoscopic Imaging Modalities for Airway Cancer Detection -- Autofluorescence bronchoscopy -- High magnification bronchoscopy -- Narrow band imaging -- Endobronchial ultrasound -- Confocal microscopy -- Optical Coherence Tomography -- Role in early airway cancer detection -- Role in precise determinations of tumor margins -- Role in guiding bronchoscopic treatment interventions -- Experimental and clinical OCT studies -- OCT systems -- Spectral/Fourier domain OCT -- Emerging Technologies with Potential Applications for Airway Cancer Detection in Conjunction with OCT -- Raman spectroscopy imaging -- Photoacoustics -- Practical Development Needs for Clinical Airway OCT Based Technology -- Improved resolution -- Concurrent OCT imaging and biopsy tools -- Optical biopsy -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging in Breast Cancer Albert E. Cerussi and Bruce J. Tromberg -- Introduction -- Nomenclature -- Near infrared spectra inform tissue physiology -- Exhaustive parameters list for NIR spectra -- Brief history of diffuse optics in breast -- Types of diffuse optical instruments -- Cancer Detection and Characterization -- Breast lesion detection -- Differential diagnosis -- Therapeutic Monitoring -- Imaging tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy -- DOS and DOI for evaluating tumor response -- What is Next -- References -- Chapter 8 OCT for Skin Cancer Gordon McKenzie and Adam Meekings -- Introduction -- What is OCT? -- Basic concepts in OCT -- Consequences -- The development of practical OCT systems -- Technical limitations -- The 2010 state of the art in clinical OCT for dermatology -- OCT in Comparison to Other Imaging Techniques -- Dermatoscope -- Ultrasound -- Confocal imaging -- Morphology of the Skin When Examined by OCT -- Stratum corneum -- Stratum Spinosum.

Papillary dermis -- Reticular dermis -- Identifiable structures within the epidermis and dermis -- OCT for Skin Cancer -- Relevance to non-melanoma skin cancer -- Morphology of basal cell carcinoma in OCT images -- Discussion and conclusions -- Morphology of squamous cell carcinoma in OCT images -- Clinical uses of OCT in skin cancer -- Improve surgical care -- A practical implementation of margin mapping -- Increased use of non-surgical therapy -- Topical chemotherapy -- Monitor precursor lesions -- Allow diagnosis of disease -- Melanoma -- Target biopsies more effectively -- Optimize histological analysis -- Summary -- References -- Index.