
Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry.
Title:
Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry.
Author:
de la Guardia, Miguel.
ISBN:
9781119940739
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (568 pages)
Contents:
Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Section I: Concepts -- 1 The Concept of Green Analytical Chemistry -- 1.1 Green Analytical Chemistry in the frame of Green Chemistry -- 1.2 Green Analytical Chemistry versus Analytical Chemistry -- 1.3 The ethical compromise of sustainability -- 1.4 The business opportunities of clean methods -- 1.5 The attitudes of the scientific community -- References -- 2 Education in Green Analytical Chemistry -- 2.1 The structure of the Analytical Chemistry paradigm -- 2.2 The social perception of Analytical Chemistry -- 2.3 Teaching Analytical Chemistry -- 2.4 Teaching Green Analytical Chemistry -- 2.5 From the bench to the real world -- 2.6 Making sustainable professionals for the future -- References -- 3 Green Analytical Laboratory Experiments -- 3.1 Greening the university laboratories -- 3.2 Green laboratory experiments -- 3.2.1 Green methods for sample pretreatment -- 3.2.2 Green separation using liquid-liquid, solid-phase and solventless extractions -- 3.2.3 Green alternatives for chemical reactions -- 3.2.4 Green spectroscopy -- 3.3 The place of Green Analytical Chemistry in the future of our laboratories -- References -- 4 Publishing in Green Analytical Chemistry -- 4.1 A bibliometric study of the literature in Green Analytical Chemistry -- 4.2 Milestones of the literature on Green Analytical Chemistry -- 4.3 The need for powerful keywords -- 4.4 A new attitude of authors faced with green parameters -- 4.5 A proposal for editors and reviewers -- 4.6 The future starts now -- References -- Section II: The Analytical Process -- 5 Greening Sampling Techniques -- 5.1 Greening analytical chemistry solutions for sampling -- 5.2 New green approaches to reduce problems related to sample losses, sample contamination, transport and storage.
5.2.1 Methods based on flow-through solid phase spectroscopy -- 5.2.2 Methods based on hollow-fiber GC/HPLC/CE -- 5.2.3 Methods based on the use of nanoparticles -- 5.3 Greening analytical in-line systems -- 5.4 In-field sampling -- 5.5 Environmentally friendly sample stabilization -- 5.6 Sampling for automatization -- 5.7 Future possibilities in green sampling -- References -- 6 Direct Analysis of Samples -- 6.1 Remote environmental sensing -- 6.1.1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images (satellite sensors) -- 6.1.2 Open-path spectroscopy -- 6.1.3 Field-portable analyzers -- 6.2 Process monitoring: in-line, on-line and at-line measurements -- 6.2.1 NIR spectroscopy -- 6.2.2 Raman spectroscopy -- 6.2.3 MIR spectroscopy -- 6.2.4 Imaging technology and image analysis -- 6.3 At-line non-destructive or quasi non-destructive measurements -- 6.3.1 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) -- 6.3.2 Ambient Mass Spectrometry (MS) -- 6.3.3 Solid sampling plasma sources -- 6.3.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -- 6.3.5 X-ray spectroscopy -- 6.3.6 Other surface analysis techniques -- 6.4 New challenges in direct analysis -- References -- 7 Green Analytical Chemistry Approaches in Sample Preparation -- 7.1 About sample preparation -- 7.2 Miniaturized extraction techniques -- 7.2.1 Solid-phase extraction (SPE) -- 7.2.2 Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) -- 7.2.3 Stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) -- 7.2.4 Liquid-liquid microextraction -- 7.2.5 Membrane extraction -- 7.2.6 Gas extraction -- 7.3 Alternative solvents -- 7.3.1 Analytical applications of ionic liquids -- 7.3.2 Supercritical fluid extraction -- 7.3.3 Subcritical water extraction -- 7.3.4 Fluorous phases -- 7.4 Assisted extractions -- 7.4.1 Microwave-assisted extraction -- 7.4.2 Ultrasound-assisted extraction -- 7.4.3 Pressurized liquid extraction -- 7.5 Final remarks -- References.
8 Green Sample Preparation with Non-Chromatographic Separation Techniques -- 8.1 Sample preparation in the frame of the analytical process -- 8.2 Separation techniques involving a gas-liquid interface -- 8.2.1 Gas diffusion -- 8.2.2 Pervaporation -- 8.2.3 Membrane extraction with a sorbent interface -- 8.2.4 Distillation and microdistillation -- 8.2.5 Head-space separation -- 8.2.6 Hydride generation and cold-mercury vapour formation -- 8.3 Techniques involving a liquid-liquid interface -- 8.3.1 Dialysis and microdialysis -- 8.3.2 Liquid-liquid extraction -- 8.3.3 Single-drop microextraction -- 8.4 Techniques involving a liquid-solid interface -- 8.4.1 Solid-phase extraction -- 8.4.2 Solid-phase microextraction -- 8.4.3 Stir-bar sorptive extraction -- 8.4.4 Continuous filtration -- 8.5 A Green future for sample preparation -- References -- 9 Capillary Electrophoresis -- 9.1 The capillary electrophoresis separation techniques -- 9.2 Capillary electrophoresis among other liquid phase separation methods -- 9.2.1 Basic instrumentation for liquid phase separations -- 9.2.2 CE versus HPLC from the point of view of Green Analytical Chemistry -- 9.2.3 CE as a method of choice for portable instruments -- 9.2.4 World-to-chip interfacing and the quest for a 'killer' application for LOC devices -- 9.2.5 Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis and electrophoretic exclusion -- 9.3 Possible ways of surmounting the disadvantages of CE -- 9.4 Sample preparation in CE -- 9.5 Is capillary electrophoresis a green alternative? -- References -- 10 Green Chromatography -- 10.1 Greening liquid chromatography -- 10.2 Green solvents -- 10.2.1 Hydrophilic solvents -- 10.2.2 Ionic liquids -- 10.2.3 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) -- 10.3 Green instruments -- 10.3.1 Microbore Liquid Chromatography (microbore LC).
10.3.2 Capillary Liquid Chromatography (capillary LC) -- 10.3.3 Nano Liquid Chromatography (nano LC) -- 10.3.4 How to transfer the LC condition from traditional LC to microbore LC, capillary LC or nano LC -- 10.3.5 Homemade micro-scale analytical system -- 10.3.6 Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) -- References -- 11 Green Analytical Atomic Spectrometry -- 11.1 Atomic spectrometry in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry -- 11.2 Improvements in sample pretreatment strategies -- 11.2.1 Specific improvements -- 11.2.2 Slurry methods -- 11.3 Direct solid sampling techniques -- 11.3.1 Basic operating principles of the techniques discussed -- 11.3.2 Sample requirements and pretreatment strategies -- 11.3.3 Analyte monitoring: The arrival of high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry -- 11.3.4 Calibration -- 11.3.5 Selected applications -- 11.4 Future for green analytical atomic spectrometry -- References -- 12 Solid Phase Molecular Spectroscopy -- 12.1 Solid phase molecular spectroscopy: an approach to Green Analytical Chemistry -- 12.2 Fundamentals of solid phase molecular spectroscopy -- 12.2.1 Solid phase absorption (spectrophotometric) procedures -- 12.2.2 Solid phase emission (fluorescence) procedures -- 12.3 Batch mode procedures -- 12.4 Flow mode procedures -- 12.4.1 Monitoring an intrinsic property -- 12.4.2 Monitoring derivative species -- 12.4.3 Recent flow-SPMS based approaches -- 12.5 Selected examples of application of solid phase molecular spectroscopy -- 12.6 The potential of flow solid phase envisaged from the point of view of Green Analytical Chemistry -- References -- 13 Derivative Techniques in Molecular Absorption, Fluorimetry and Liquid Chromatography as Tools for Green Analytical Chemistry -- 13.1 The derivative technique as a tool for Green Analytical Chemistry -- 13.1.1 Theoretical aspects.
13.2 Derivative absorption spectrometry in the UV-visible region -- 13.2.1 Strategies to greener derivative spectrophotometry -- 13.3 Derivative fluorescence spectrometry -- 13.3.1 Derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrometry -- 13.4 Use of derivative signal techniques in liquid chromatography -- References -- 14 Greening Electroanalytical Methods -- 14.1 Towards a more environmentally friendly electroanalysis -- 14.2 Electrode materials -- 14.2.1 Alternatives to mercury electrodes -- 14.2.2 Nanomaterial-based electrodes -- 14.3 Solvents -- 14.3.1 Ionic liquids -- 14.3.2 Supercritical fluids -- 14.4 Electrochemical detection in flowing solutions -- 14.4.1 Injection techniques -- 14.4.2 Miniaturized systems -- 14.5 Biosensors -- 14.5.1 Greening biosurface preparation -- 14.5.2 Direct electrochemical transfer of proteins -- 14.6 Future trends in green electroanalysis -- References -- Section III: Strategies -- 15 Energy Savings in Analytical Chemistry -- 15.1 Energy consumption in analytical methods -- 15.2 Economy and saving energy in laboratory practice -- 15.2.1 Good housekeeping, control and maintenance -- 15.3 Alternative sources of energy for processes -- 15.3.1 Using microwaves in place of thermal heating -- 15.3.2 Using ultrasound in sample treatment -- 15.3.3 Light as a source of energy -- 15.4 Using alternative solvents for energy savings -- 15.4.1 Advantages of ionic liquids -- 15.4.2 Using subcritical and supercritical fluids -- 15.5 Efficient laboratory equipment -- 15.5.1 Trends in sample treatment -- 15.6 Effects of automation and micronization on energy consumption -- 15.6.1 Miniaturization in sample treatment -- 15.6.2 Using sensors -- 15.7 Assessment of energy efficiency -- References -- 16 Green Analytical Chemistry and Flow Injection Methodologies -- 16.1 Progress of automated techniques for Green Analytical Chemistry.
16.2 Flow injection analysis.
Abstract:
The emerging field of green analytical chemistry is concerned with the development of analytical procedures that minimize consumption of hazardous reagents and solvents, and maximize safety for operators and the environment. In recent years there have been significant developments in methodological and technological tools to prevent and reduce the deleterious effects of analytical activities; key strategies include recycling, replacement, reduction and detoxification of reagents and solvents. The Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry provides a comprehensive overview of the present state and recent developments in green chemical analysis. A series of detailed chapters, written by international specialists in the field, discuss the fundamental principles of green analytical chemistry and present a catalogue of tools for developing environmentally friendly analytical techniques. Topics covered include: Concepts: Fundamental principles, education, laboratory experiments and publication in green analytical chemistry. The Analytical Process: Green sampling techniques and sample preparation, direct analysis of samples, green methods for capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, atomic spectroscopy, solid phase molecular spectroscopy, derivative molecular spectroscopy and electroanalytical methods. Strategies: Energy saving, automation, miniaturization and photocatalytic treatment of laboratory wastes. Fields of Application: Green bioanalytical chemistry, biodiagnostics, environmental analysis and industrial analysis. This advanced handbook is a practical resource for experienced analytical chemists who are interested in implementing green approaches in their work..
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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