Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- Introduction -- Courts and Tribunals of General Jurisdiction -- Chapter One The International Court of Justice -- A. Overview -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- B. Review of the Case Law -- 1. Sources of International Law -- a. Customary International Law -- b. Treaty Law -- c. Other Sources -- 2. Subjects of International Law -- 3. Rules on State Responsibility -- 4. Privileges and Immunities in National Systems -- 5. Injury to Aliens and Human Rights -- 6. Use of Force -- 7. Land and Maritime Boundary Disputes -- 8. Law of the Sea and Environmental Law -- C. Conclusion -- Chapter Two Permanent Court of Arbitration -- A. Overview -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- a. Structure of Proceedings -- b. Possibility of Interim Measures -- c. Languages -- d. Third Party Intervention and Amicus Briefs -- e. Appeal, Annulment, and Interpretation of Arbitral Awards -- f. Enforcement -- g. Costs -- B. Review of Significant Arbitral Awards -- 1. The Island of Palmas Case (or Miangas) -- a. Background -- b. Question Submitted to the Arbitral Tribunal -- c. Decision of the Arbitral Tribunal -- d. Analysis -- 2. Arbitral Cases Arising from the Conflict in Eritrea and Ethiopia -- a. Background -- b. The Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission -- c. The Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission -- d. Analysis -- 3. Guyana v. Suriname -- a. Background -- b. Decision of the Tribunal -- c. Analysis -- 4. Abyei Arbitration -- a. Background -- b. The Decision of the Arbitral Tribunal -- c. Analysis -- 5. Saluka v. The Czech Republic -- a. Background -- b. Counterclaims -- c. Jurisdictional Objections -- d. Decision of the Tribunal -- e. Analysis -- 6. Romak v. Uzbekistan -- a. Background -- b. Decision of the Tribunal -- c. Analysis -- C. Conclusion.

Courts and Tribunals of Specialized Jurisdiction -- Chapter Three International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes -- A. Overview -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction Under the ICSID Convention -- B. Procedural Overview -- 1. Constitution of the Tribunal -- 2. Conduct of the Proceeding -- 3. The Award, Enforcement, and Post-Award Remedies -- C. Review of Significant Jurisprudence -- 1. Decisions on Jurisdiction: Definition of Investor and Investment -- a. Definition of Investor -- b. Definition of Investment -- 2. Legal Standards of Protection -- a. Fair and Equitable Treatment -- b. Full Protection and Security -- c. Other Legal Standards -- 3. Expropriation -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter Four The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea -- A. Overview -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- a. Instituting Proceedings -- b. Languages -- c. Preliminary Proceedings and Objections -- d. Provisional Measures -- e. Proceedings -- f. Permission to Intervene -- g. Amicus Curiae -- h. Decision -- i. Expenses -- j. Financial Assistance -- B. Review of the Case Law -- 1. Judgments on Provisional Measures -- 2. Judgments on Prompt Release of Vessels and Crews -- 3. Pending Cases -- 4. Discontinued Cases -- 5. Arbitrations Under Annex VII -- 6. Advisory Opinion -- C. Conclusions -- Chapter Five The World Trade Organization -- A. Overview -- 1. The Origins of the WTO and the GATT 1947 -- 2. The WTO Agreement And The WTO As An Institution -- 3. The Dispute Settlement System -- a. Objectives and Standing -- b. Judiciary and Structure -- c. Jurisdiction and Competence -- B. The Evolving Body of WTO Law -- 1. The Jurisprudence Regarding the Effect of Case Law -- 2. The Jurisprudence on the Use of Non-WTO Law as a Tool for the Interpretation of WTO Law -- C. Remedies and Enforcement in WTO Dispute Settlement.

D. Conclusion -- Chapter Six Administrative Tribunals of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Overview -- 1. Structure of International Administrative Tribunals -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedure -- 4. Powers of the Tribunal -- 5. Finality of Judgments -- C. Issues and Case Law -- 1. Sources of Law -- 2. Enforcement Powers -- 3. Relationship with National Law -- D. Conclusion: The Role of International Administrative Tribunals -- Specialized Courts: International Criminal Courts and Tribunals -- Chapter Seven The International Criminal Court -- A. Introduction and Overview -- B. The Structure of the Court -- C. Jurisdiction -- 1. Substantive Jurisdiction: The Core Crimes -- a. Genocide -- b. Crimes Against Humanity -- c. War Crimes -- d. The Crime of Aggression -- 2. Other Jurisdictional Prerequisites -- a. Jurisdiction Ratione Personae -- b. Nationality and Territoriality -- c. Temporal Jurisdiction -- D. Triggering the Jurisdiction -- 1. Referral by a State Party -- 2. Referral by the Security Council -- 3. Prosecutorial Initiative -- a. Deferral by the Security Council -- E. Admissibility and Complementarity -- F. Applicable Law -- G. State Cooperation with the ICC -- H. Witness and Victim Participation -- I. Review of Pending Situations -- 1. Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army -- 2. Democratic Republic of the Congo -- 3. Sudan/Darfur -- 4. Central African Republic -- 5. Kenya -- 6. Libya -- 7. Other Matters -- J. Conclusion -- Chapter Eight The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia -- A. Introduction -- B. Overview -- 1. Establishment and Structure -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedure -- C. Selected Case Law -- 1. A Foundational Decision: The 1995 Decision in the Tadic Case -- 2. Case Law Regarding General Issues of International Law -- 3. Case Law Regarding International Humanitarian and Criminal Law.

a. Definition of Crimes -- b. Individual Criminal Responsibility and Joint Criminal Enterprise -- D. Conclusion -- Chapter Nine The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda -- A. Introduction -- B. Establishment of the ICTR -- C. Organization of the ICTR -- 1. Chambers -- 2. The Office of the Prosecutor -- 3. The Registry -- D. Jurisdiction -- E. Procedural Overview -- F. Completion Strategy and Rule 11bis -- G. Significant Case Law -- 1. Akayesu -- a. Subjective Standard -- b. Rape as a Modality of Genocide -- 2. Kayishema & Ruzindana -- a. Non-International Armed Conflict -- b. Link Between the Accused and the Armed Forces -- c. Ratione Personae and Ratione Loci -- d. Nexus Requirement -- 3. Nahimana, Barayagwiza, & Ngeze -- 4. Baglishema -- H. Conclusion -- Chapter Ten Hybrid and Internationalized Tribunals -- A. Introduction -- Β. The Special Court For Sierra Leone -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- 4. Selected Examples of Significant Case Law -- C. The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- 4. Significant Case Law -- D. The War Crimes Chamber of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- 4. Significant Case Law -- E. Special Panels for Serious Crimes in East Timor -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- 4. Significant Case Law -- F. Internationalized War Crimes Panels in Kosovo -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- 4. Significant Case Law -- G. Special Tribunal for Lebanon -- 1. Essential Information -- 2. Jurisdiction -- 3. Procedural Overview -- 4. Significant Case Law -- H. Conclusion -- Specialized Courts: Human Rights -- Chapter Eleven The European Court of Human Rights.

A. Overview: The Mechanism of the European Court of Human Rights -- 1. Brief History -- 2. Organization -- a. Seat -- b. Composition -- c. Structure -- d. Registry -- 3. Jurisdiction -- a. Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae -- b. Jurisdiction Ratione Personae -- c. Jurisdiction Ratione Temporis -- 4. Procedure Before the Court -- a. Initial Stages of the Proceedings -- b. Admissibility Criteria -- c. Third-Party Intervention -- d. Interim Measures -- e. Consideration of the Case and Judgment -- 5. Execution of Judgments -- B. Review of Case Law -- 1. Right to Life -- a. Scope -- b. Protection by Law -- c. Death Penalty -- d. Use of Force by State Agents -- e. Procedural Obligation to Undertake an Effective Investigation -- 2. Prohibition of Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment -- a. Scope -- b. Torture -- c. Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment -- d. Non-Refoulement -- e. Positive and Procedural Obligations -- 3. Right to Liberty and Security of Person -- a. Scope -- b. Concept of Arbitrary Deprivation of Liberty -- c. Duty of Prompt Information of Reasons for Arrest and of Any Charge -- d. Right to be Brought Promptly Before a Judge and to Trial Within a Reasonable Time or Release -- e. Right to Challenge the Legality of the Detention -- f. Derogations Under Article 15 of the Convention -- 4. Right to a Fair Trial -- a. Scope -- b. Right of Access to a Court -- c. Equality of Arms -- d. Reasonable Time Guarantee -- 5. Right to Respect for Private and Family Life -- a. Private Life -- b. Family Life -- c. Permissible Interference -- d. Positive Obligations -- 6. Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion -- a. Freedom to Manifest Religion or Beliefs in a "Democratic Society" -- b. Dress Codes as a Manifestation of Religious Beliefs -- c. Use of Religious Symbols in Public Schools -- 7. Freedom of Opinion and Expression.

a. Limits to Article 10 Protection.