Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Out of Many, One? -- Public Policy -- Democratic Norms -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 2. Structuring Democracy in American Education -- Governing American Education -- Federal Institutions -- State Institutions -- Local Institutions -- School Institutions -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 3. Including Americans -- The Problem: What's Race Got to Do with It? -- Healing Hearts Through Desegregation . . . -- . . . Or Healing Minds Through Academic Achievement? -- Evaluating Federal Action -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 4. When Equity Is Not Adequate -- The Problem: Provision or Production? -- Measuring Policy Effectiveness: Inputs, Outputs, and Outcomes -- From Financial Equity to Adequacy -- Inequity and Its Remedies -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 5. Participation and the Picket Line -- Growth of Group Politics in Education -- Group Benefits and Contemporary Teachers' Unions -- Contesting Union Strength -- Unions and Merit Pay: Teaching for Results -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 6. Understanding History, Understanding Students -- Defining Understanding -- Parents, Puritans, and Progressives -- National or Federal Understanding? The Growth of Curriculum Standards -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 7. Self-Rule and Structuring Success -- Education's Toll Road -- School Choice as Self-Rule -- Conclusion -- Suggested Readings -- 8. Devolving the Dilemma? -- Inclusion -- Equity -- Participation -- Understanding -- Self-Rule -- Out of Many, One? -- Appendix: Timeline of American Educational Policy -- Notes -- References -- Index.