Handbook of Retinal Screening in Diabetes -- Contents -- Preface to Second Edition -- How to use this book -- 1: Type 1 Diabetes -- What causes type 1 diabetes? -- Who gets type 1 diabetes? -- How does it present? -- Essentials of management -- Complications -- History -- Further reading -- 2: Type 2 Diabetes -- What causes type 2 diabetes? -- Who gets type 2 diabetes? -- How does it present? -- Management -- Complications -- History -- Further reading -- 3: The Eye in Diabetes -- Structure of the normal eye -- The retina -- Diabetic retinopathy -- Treatment of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy -- Further reading -- 4: The Need to Screen -- Is blindness preventable? -- Can the progression of retinopathy be slowed? -- Detecting asymptomatic retinopathy by screening -- The f ive principles of retinal screening -- Quality assurance -- Retinal screening from the patient's perspective -- Retinal screening from the screener's perspective -- History of the development of retinal screening by photography-based systems in the UK -- Further reading -- 5: Practical Screening -- Important f irst steps -- Measuring visual acuity -- Instilling eyedrops -- Obtaining the image -- Examining the image -- Grading the image -- Explaining the results of screening -- Success of the screening visit -- Organization of a district screening system -- Links with your ophthalmologist -- Further reading -- 6: Normal Retinal Appearances -- Light reflection artefact -- Light reflection artefact -- Tortuous vessels -- Tiger striping -- Tiger striping -- Myelinated fibres -- Myopic crescent -- Pigmented image -- Asteroid hyalosis -- Choroidal circulation -- Eyelash artefact -- 7: Background Retinopathy -- What is background retinopathy? -- Lesions -- Early background -- Early background -- Early background (red-free version of Figure 7.2a) -- Early background.

Early background -- Early background -- Early background -- Moderate background -- Moderate background (red-free version of Figure 7.7a) -- 8: Maculopathy -- What is maculopathy? -- Management of maculopathy -- Exudates close to the fovea -- Severe retinopathy close to the macula -- Widespread exudates -- Large plaque exudates -- Linear exudates close to the fovea -- Plaque exudates near the fovea -- Circinate exudates within the arcades -- Widespread exudates with circinates -- Coalescent exudates in the macular regionR1 M1 P1 -- 9: Severe Nonproliferative ('Pre-proliferative') Retinopathy -- Management of severe, non-proliferative retinopathy -- Severe non-proliferative retinopathy -- Severe non-proliferative retinopathy -- Severe non-proliferative retinopathy -- Severe non-proliferative -- 10: Proliferative Retinopathy -- What is proliferative retinopathy? -- Management of proliferative retinopathy -- New vessels on the disc -- Disc new vessels -- Retinal new vessels -- Retinal new vessels - red-free image of Figure 10.3a -- New vessels on the retina -- New vessels on the retina -- New vessels on the retina -- New vessels on the retina -- New vessels on the retina - red-free version of Figure 10.7a -- Old panretinal laser scars -- Panretinal laser scars -- Disc and retinal new vessels, with exudative maculopathy -- Disc and retinal new vessels, with exudative maculopathy (red-free version of Figure 10.10a) -- 11: Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease -- What is advanced? -- Management of advanced diabetic eye disease -- Early fibrosis -- Fibrosis -- Fibrovascular membrane -- Preretinal haemorrhage -- Preretinal haemorrhage -- Severe exudative maculopathy -- Preretinal haemorrhage and persisting new vessel formation -- Preretinal haemorrhage -- Fibrous band and heavy laser scars -- 12: Non-diabetic Eye Disease -- What other diseases are common?.

Other eye diseases -- Drusen -- Drusen -- Atrophic chorioretinital scars -- Old chorioretinitis -- Papilloedema -- One year later - same eye as shown in Figure 12.5 -- Papilloedema -- Pigment epithelial hypertrophy -- Cholesterol embolus -- Branch retinal vein occlusion -- Central retinal vein occlusion -- Branch retinal artery occlusion -- Glaucomatous disc -- Macular hole -- 13: Background Information -- The UK Retinal Screening Diploma -- Working towards the full Diploma -- Driving and diabetes -- Pregnancy -- Insurance and diabetes -- Employment and diabetes -- Prescription charges -- British Association of Retinal Screening -- Diabetes UK -- National Retinopathy Screening Systems -- Patient leaflets -- Ophthalmoscopy -- 14: Self-assessment Questions -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapters 6-12 -- 15: Answers to Self-assessment Questions -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- 16: Glossary of Terms -- Index.