LANGUAGE CONTACT AND DEVELOPMENT AROUND THE NORTH SEA -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface & Acknowledgments -- Editors' Introduction -- References -- Part I The evidence of place-names -- Celts in Scandinavian Scotland and Anglo-Saxon England -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Name transfers -- 3. The northern isles -- 4. Anglo-saxon england -- 5. Synchronic comparison -- 6. Name functions -- 7. Sense and reference -- 8. Diachronic comparison -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- The colonisation of England by Germanic tribes on the basis of place-names -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Germanic *fani/-ja "bog, moor" -- 3. Old high german horo "mud, mush, dirt, soil" -- 4. Germanic -mar- "moor" -- 5. German Riede "mud, mush, dirt, soil" -- 6. German Hude "timber yard, staple market located at a watery place, ferry point" -- 7. Germanic *lauha- "wood" -- 8. Germanic *tūn- "fence" -- 9. German horst "bushes, undergrowth" -- 10. The generic -set -- 11. Suffix -ithi -- 12. Magdeburg -- 13. Summary -- References -- Ancient toponyms in south-west Norway -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pre-Indo-European toponyms in Scandinavia? -- 3. Islands and fjords -- 4. Rivers and lakes -- 5. Old settlements -- 6. Primary or secondary naming? -- 7. Final remarks -- References -- Part II Code selection in written texts -- On vernacular literacy in late medieval Norway -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The fourteenth century -- 3. The fifteenth century -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Four languages, one text type -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The structure of settlement -- 3. The neighbours' books -- 4. The manuscripts -- 5. The language contact situation in Bergen -- 6. Language shift -- 7. From danish to norwegian -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix -- On variation and change in London medieval mixed-language business documents -- 1. Introduction.

2. Early mixed-language business writing -- 3. Later mixed-language business writing -- 4. Language death -- 5. Implications for speech -- References -- Online Works -- Part III Linguistic developments and contact situations -- Old English-Late British language contact and the English progressive -- 1. Introduction: Aims and organization -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Evidence supporting Late British influence on the Old English progressive -- 2.2 Traditional assumptions about the contact between Britons and Anglo-Saxons in post-Roman Britannia -- 2.2.1 Older historical records, the Germanist view, and the scientific climate of discussions of Late British - Old English contacts -- 2.2.2 The paucity of loan words and Thomason & Kaufman (1988) -- 3. Reviewing the evidence of Late British - Anglo-Saxon contact -- 3.1 The socio-historical conditions and evidence -- 3.1.1 Archaeological and paleobotanical evidence -- 3.1.2 The Laws of Ine and the existence and status of the "Welsh" -- 3.1.3 Place names and loanwords -- 3.1.4 Genetic evidence -- 3.1.5 Discussion of the non-linguistic evidence -- 3.2 Similarity of form and function: the linguistic evidence -- 3.2.1 Evidence from SLA and contact linguistics: contact-effects on aspectual markers -- 3.2.2 Historical studies of the Celtic and English progressives -- 3.2.3 Grammaticalization studies: the instability of aspectual markers -- 3.2.4 Discussion of the linguistic evidence -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The Old English origins of the Northern Subject Rule -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reduced verbal morphology in the lindisfarne glosses -- 3. Possible sources for the zero morpheme -- 3.1 Subjunctive morphology in the Lindisfarne glosses -- 3.2 Preterite-present verbal morphology in the lindisfarne glosses -- 3.3 Preterite-indicative morphology in the Lindisfarne glosses -- 3.4 Discussion.

4. The effects of subject type and adjacency on -s/-ð variation in old northumbrian -- 4.1 Textual evidence -- 4.2 Implications for an Old Northumbrian dating of the NSR -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources -- For Heaven's Sake -- 1. Introduction -- 2. ON ský vs OE scēo? -- 3. ON lopt vs OE lyft? -- References -- North Sea timber trade terminology in the Early Modern period -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The inventory revisited -- 3. The timber terms -- 3.1 foot -- 3.2 trees -- 3.3 oak -- 3.4 wood -- 3.5 barrels -- 3.6 knee-heads -- 3.7 oars -- 3.8 timber -- 3.9 baulks -- 4. Mutually intelligible terms? -- 5. The sociolinguistic background -- 6. A North Sea pidgin? -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- List of dictionaries used -- 'Nornomania' in the research on language in the Northern Isles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The emergence of a research project: "The Scandinavian element in Shetland dialect" -- 3. An outline of the linguistic history of the Northern Isles, with special reference to Norn -- 4. The debate on the Norn > Scots 'shift' -- 5. The problem of "unravelling the strands of shetland speech, distinguishing those leading back to norn" -- 5.1 Phonology -- 5.2 Morphosyntax -- 5.3 Lexicon -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Index of subjects, terms & languages.